米根霉、法夫酵母双菌共发酵淀粉生产虾青素的初步研究

对米根霉、法夫酵母共发酵淀粉生产虾青素进行了研究．摇瓶试验结果表明，米根霉、法夫酵母共发酵淀粉生产虾青素适宜的培养基为淀粉50g／L、1gKH2PO4/L、1g CaCl2／L、1g酵母膏/L、0.5gMgSO4／L、5g（NH4）2SO4/L，控制培养基初始pH为8．0、发酵温度为22℃及同时接种米根霉和法夫酵母有利于虾青素的合成，5L罐试验结果表明虾青素合成滞后于糖的利用，且分成两个增长阶段，虾青素的最大产量达2．48mg／L．这些试验结果不仅证实了共培养米根霉和法夫酵母发酵淀粉生产虾青素的理论可行性，而且为进一步利用淀粉为原料生产虾青素提供了试验参考．     

稻瘟病菌粗毒素对水稻幼胚愈伤组织的影响及抗性筛选

利用目前稻瘟病不同的优势小种菌株的液体培养提取的粗毒素对水稻幼胚进行处理,稻瘟病菌粗毒素提取液对水稻幼胚的愈伤的诱导和分化的有明显的抑制效应。随着毒素浓度的增加,水稻胚性愈伤获得率和分化能力显著降低。在诱导培养基中加入毒素对幼胚的筛选取效果较好,可以获得较多的胚性愈伤和较多的分化苗。培养基中毒素的浓度处理以30%效果好。水稻幼胚的抗性筛选过程中胚性愈伤获得和分化苗数较高,是很好的培养材料;而且不同的水稻品种产生的耐性不同,并可以同时筛选出抗稻瘟病的突变体。     

米根霉发酵产L-乳酸体系中淀粉酶的研究

米根霉As3.819是一株L-乳酸的高产菌株,且能够分泌淀粉酶直接利用淀粉发酵生产乳酸。文章研究了不同培养基主要成分下米根霉菌株As3.819生产L-乳酸和淀粉酶情况,并对发酵液中淀粉酶水解产物进行分析。研究结果表明,在甘薯淀粉8%、硫酸铵为0.4%时L-乳酸和淀粉酶的产量相对较高,且在培养基中加入麸皮后能增加淀粉酶的分泌,种子培养基中碳源为麦芽糖时也能起到很好的效果。     

Construction of an electronic physical map of Magnaporthe oryzae using genomic position-ready SSR markers

Magnaporthe oryzae is a model for plant pathogenic filamentous fungi. We have assembled a simple sequence repeat (SSR)-based physical map of the species, using in silico sequence data. A set of 120 SSR markers was developed from the genomic sequence of the reference isolate 70-15. These markers were readily amplified from the genomic DNA of other isolates, and high levels of allelic variation characterised the parental isolates of the two crosses tested. All the markers were locatable to one of the seven M. oryzae chromosomes. An SSR-based physical in silico map was constructed, and pre-existing SSR and RFLP loci were integrated into the map, along with 23 Avr (avirulence) genes and two other genes of importance to the plant/pathogen interaction. This map provides a platform for population genetics and functional genomics studies in the model pathogen, and even in other evolu- tionally related pathogens.     

L-乳酸米根霉发酵条件优化研究

运用正交试验设计理论,对高产L-乳酸突变株NAF-032的最佳摇瓶发酵条件进行了研究,确定了最佳的发酵培养基和发酵条件.最佳发酵培养基为(g/L):葡萄糖160,氯化铵2,KH2PO4 0.3,MgSO4·7H2O 0.25,ZnSO4·7H2O 0.08.最佳培养条件为:34℃,摇床转速200 r/min,250 mL三角瓶装培养液50 mL,一次性添加CaCO380 g/L用于调节pH值.在最适发酵条件下,米根霉NAF-032的摇瓶发酵产L-乳酸产量达123.3 g/L.     

Magnaporthe oryzae MTP1 gene encodes a type III transmembrane protein involved in conidiation and conidial germination

In this study the MTP1 gene, encoding a type III integral transmembrane protein, was isolated from the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. The Mtp 1 protein is 520 amino acids long and is comparable to the Ytp 1 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with 46% sequence similarity. Prediction programs and MTP1-GFP （green fluorescent protein） fusion expression results indicate that Mtp 1 is a protein located at several membranes in the cytoplasm. The functions of the MTP1 gene in the growth and development of the fungus were studied using an MTP1 gene knockout mutant. The MTP1 gene was primarily expressed at the hyphal and conidial stages and is necessary for conidiation and conidial germination, but is not required for pathogenicity. The Amtpl mutant grew more efficiently than the wild type strain on non-fermentable carbon sources, implying that the MTP1 gene has a unique role in respiratory growth and carbon source use.     

米曲霉自溶作用的研究Ⅱ自溶过程中细胞物质及酶活的变化

在米曲霉最佳的自溶条件下，对其自溶过程中重要的细胞物质及酶进行了测定，结果自溶液中测出１７种氨基酸酸，总氨基酸释放率为６８．７９％，核酸释放率为５０．００％，糖的释放率为２４．５８％，酸性蛋白酶活性高，而５’－磷酸二酯酶活性较低。     

水稻对白叶枯病菌抗性与活性氧关系的研究

以 3种水稻白叶枯病菌和 4个抗、感水稻品种为样品 ,研究了水稻对白叶枯病菌抗性与白叶枯病菌细胞保护酶以及氧自由基的关系。研究结果表明 :接种 15d的水稻SOD、POD显示活性 ,而CAT无活性 ;用水稻叶片酶解液培养 3种病原菌 ,菌体显示SOD和CAT活性 ,但未测出POD活性。抗、感水稻对白叶枯病菌的影响不同 ,感病水稻使病原菌SOD和CAT活性升高 ,抗病水稻使白叶枯病菌SOD、CAT活性降低。而抗、感水稻对白叶枯病菌氧自由基的影响 ,正好与对酶的影响相反。     

米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)芥子甙酶的纯化

中国是世界上油菜籽最主要的生产国之一,油菜籽经榨油后剩下的菜籽饼含有高达４０％的蛋白质及各种其它营养成份,是一种营养丰富的饲料资源．然而,菜籽饼中含有芥子甙,芥子甙在芥子甙酶（Ｍｙｒｏｓｉｎａｓｅ）的催化下,水解产生异硫氰酸酯（ＩＴＣ）、恶唑烷硫酮（...