废弃蛋壳的利用价值及其资源化途径与技术

根据蛋壳3个主要组成部分的化学成分及其性质,归纳总结了蛋壳各部分在食品、医药、轻化工等主要领域的开发利用情况,阐述了蛋壳的资源化途径和主要技术。     

Chimeras of human lysozyme and α-lactalbumin: an interesting tool for studying partially folded states during protein folding

Protein folding is an extremely active field of research where biology, chemistry, computer science and physics meet. Although the study of protein-folding intermediates in general and equilibrium intermediates in particular has grown considerably in recent years, many questions regarding the conformational state and the structural features of the various partially folded intermediate states remain unanswered. Performing kinetic measurements on proteins that have had their structures modified by site-directed mutagenesis, the so-called protein-engineering method, is an obvious way to gain fine structural information. In the present review, this method has been applied to a variety of proteins belonging to the lysozyme/α-lactalbumin family. Besides recombinants obtained by point mutations of individual critical residues, chimeric proteins in which whole structural elements (10 – 25 residues) from α-lactalbumin were inserted into a human lysozyme matrix are examined. The conformational properties of the equilibrium intermediate states are discussed together with the structural characterization of the partially unfolded states encountered in the kinetic folding pathway. Received 28 May 1998; received after revision 6 July 1998; accepted 6 July 1998     

Protein and lysozyme content of adult human nucleus pulposus

Summary A radiologically normal human nucleus pulposus was extracted with 4 M guanidinium chloride and the non-collagenous proteins separated from the proteoglycans by dissociative density gradient centrifugation. Lysozyme was identified as a matrix constituent of the normal, mature human nucleus pulposus.Supported by Public Health Service Training Grant ES-07088.     

Elucidation of the relationship between enzyme activity and internal motion using a lysozyme stabilized by cavity-filling mutations

We investigated the activity and the internal motions of a stabilized mutant hen lysozyme (HEL) in which the residues M12 and L56 were mutated to L and F, respectively (LF mutant HEL). The result of the activity measurements against glycol chitin at various temperatures suggested that the temperature dependence of the activity of LF mutant HEL shifted to the high-temperature side compared with that of wild-type HEL. The detailed internal motions of LF mutant HEL in the absence and presence of a substrate analogue, (NAG)₃, were examined by model-free analysis at 35°C. The results showed that the internal motions of LF mutant HEL in the presence of (NAG)₃ were drastically restricted compared with those in wild-type HEL. Our findings thus suggested that the mutation to the stabilized lysozyme restricted internal motions required for the enzymatic reaction.Received 8 February 2005; accepted 10 March 2005Y. Yoshida and T. Ohkuri contributed equally to this work.     

基于硅胶载体表面分子印迹聚合物对牛血清蛋白识别性能

以硅胶作为载体,丙烯酰胺和2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸为双功能单体,牛血清蛋白质作为模板分子,制备了牛血清蛋白表面分子印迹聚合物,并对其制备方法、性状和性质进行了检测。结果证明制备的分子印迹聚合物大小在400 nm左右,当功能单体的配比为5∶1时为最优配比,分子印迹聚合物对牛血清蛋白质的结合在60 min时达到平衡,并且在浓度为0. 6mg·m L~(-1)的情况下,结合率达到饱和。特异性检测可知分子印迹聚合物对牛血清蛋白的结合率最高并且其印迹因子(IF)高达1. 58,说明了它对目标蛋白具有良好的选择识别能力,且重复性能好,重复检测后吸附量在80%左右。     

Synergistic actions of complement and lysozyme in clearance of Escherichia coli from amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri

Amphioxus appears lacking free circulating blood cells. How it clears invading pathogens from its body remains unknown to date. We demonstrate here that amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri is capable of efficiently eliminating the invading bacterium Escherichia coli from its humoral fluid, and the complement and lysozyme are both involved in the elimination of the invading pathogen. Both the complement and lysozyme act in concert against the invading bacterium, but the complement appears playing a more dominant role than the lysozyme.     

铬对鲤鱼非特异性免疫功能的影响

用0.1,0.5,0.8,1.0和2.0mg/L铬溶液分别刺激鲤鱼21d和44d后，测定鲤鱼非特异性免疫指标，估测不同浓度的铬溶液对鲤鱼非特异性免疫指标的影响。0.1和0.5mg/L铬溶液对鲤鱼NBT阳性细胞、溶菌酶活性无影响，0.8mg/L的铬溶液可使NBT阳细胞数和溶菌酶活性降低，而1.0和2.0mg/L铬溶液可使NBT阳细胞数和溶菌酶活性显著下降（P＜0.05)。这一结果表明水体中0.1和0.5mg/L铬对鲤鱼的非特异性免疫功能无影响，0.8mg/L的铬略有影响，而1.0和2.0mg/L的铬则明显降低鲤鱼的非特异性免疫功能。     

Distribution of lysozyme in guinea pigs: Implications for the function of gastrointestinal lysozyme in herbivores

Summary High levels of gastrointestinal lysozyme were present in the stomach of guinea pigs, but not in other portions of the gastrointestinal tract. Because the cecum is the fermentation organ of guinea pigs, these observations call into question the validity of the current hypothesis that the gastrointestinal lysozyme of herbivores functions in the digestion of bacteria from the anterior fermentation organ.Supported in part by grants RR00515 and RR05465 from the National Institutes of Health.     

硝基苯预处理对溶菌酶水溶液喇曼信号影响的二阶导数谱分析

用硝基苯预处理前后的溶菌酶水溶液激光喇曼散射光谱，经过二阶导数处理，证明在反映蛋白质分子主链构象的酰胺Ⅱ与酰胺Ⅰ区域内，各种特征训线在硝基苯预处理前后位置基本未变，不影响对蛋白质二级结构的分析．     

溶菌酶水溶液的激光拉曼谱

本文报道了溶菌酶水溶液的激光拉曼谱。酰胺Ⅰ振动谱带在1657cm~(-1),酰胺Ⅱ振动谱带在1302和1253cm~(-1),酪氨酸残基的特征谱带在854和837cm~(-1)。硫—硫桥键的振动谱带在505cm~(-1)。并由此定性地证明了该蛋白质分子的肽链主要由α—螺旋和无规则卷曲组成,酪氨酸残基在分子中呈三分之二“暴露”式,硫—硫键部位的几何构型为扭式—扭式—扭式。