Enzymatic processing of pheromones and pheromone analogs

Summary Pheromone perception requires rapid enzymatic degradation of the active chemical signal in the sensory hairs. Three insects are used to illustrate chemical approaches to studying the degradation of pheromones by antennal enzymes. First, hydrolysis of acetate and haloacetate esters is examined in the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella. Second, aldehyde oxidation and the selective inhibition of the oxidase and dehydrogenase activities are described for the tobacco budworm moth,Heliothis virescens. Finally, a stereochemical analysis of the epoxide-hydrase catalyzed addition of a water molecule to the oxirane ring of disparlure is described for the gypsy moth,Lymantria dispar.     

4种植物源杀虫剂对亚洲型舞毒蛾幼虫的毒性与拒食作用

为筛选出有效防治亚洲型舞毒蛾的最佳植物源杀虫剂,采用5％鱼藤酮、1％虫菊·苦参碱、5％桉油精、0.6％氧苦·内酯4种植物源杀虫剂,比较它们对舞毒蛾3龄幼虫胃毒和触杀处理后的毒性与拒食作用.结果表明:这4种植物源杀虫剂对舞毒蛾3龄幼虫均具有胃毒和触杀两种作用,其急性毒性总体表现为触杀处理大于胃毒处理,而在各自相对最高的浓度条件下,以0.6％氧苦·内酯的胃毒急性毒性为最大、5％桉油精次之；由于胃毒组的LC50均小于触杀组,因而胃毒处理的毒力更高；此外,0.6％氧苦·内酯和5％桉油精的胃毒和触杀毒力均远远高于其他两种药剂,并以前者为最高.对测定前后的饲料量进行比较后发现,4种药剂对舞毒蛾3龄幼虫均具有很好的拒食作用,尤其以5％桉油精5 000倍液处理的拒食率高达99.31％.因此,0.6％氧苦·内酯和5％桉油精可作为防治亚洲型舞毒蛾的首选植物源杀虫剂推广应用.     

The toxicity of twoBacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxins to gypsy moth larvae is inversely related to the affinity of binding sites on midgut brush border membranes for the toxins

Summary The-endotoxin fromBacillus thuringiensis subspecieskurstaki strain HD1-9 is almost 400 times more potent than the-endotoxin from strain HD-73 as a gypsy moth larvicide. The two-endotoxins compete for a high-affinity binding site on the brush border membrane of larval gypsy moth midguts. The affinity for the-endotoxin from strain HD-73 is much greater than the affinity for the-endotoxin from strain HD1-9.     

大蛾卵跳小蜂触角感受器的扫描电镜观察

【目的】明确大蛾卵跳小蜂雌雄成虫触角感受器的类型、数量和分布特征,为探究各感受器的内部结构、感受机制及相关功能提供基础。【方法】利用扫描电镜观察大蛾卵跳小蜂的触角结构、长度及触角感受器的形态特征;鉴定感受器的类型,统计触角背面和腹面不同类型感受器的数量、位置。通过独立样本t检验比较触角长度和同类感受器的长度、宽度、数量在雌、雄蜂间的差异;比较不同亚节上感受器的数量、分布密度在雌、雄蜂间的差异。【结果】大蛾卵跳小蜂触角呈膝状,雌蜂的触角总长[(806.79±4.30) μm]大于雄蜂触角总长[(781.13±7.13) μm]。雌蜂触角鞭节有9亚节,包括6索节和3棒节;雄蜂触角鞭节有7亚节,包括6索节和1棒节。雌、雄蜂触角上都着生7种类型感受器,分别为毛形感受器(TS)、刺形感受器(ChS)、钟形感受器(CaS)、板形感受器(PS)、乳状感受器(MS)、Böhm氏鬃毛(BB)、指形感受器(FS)。TS和FS都分为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型。雌蜂和雄蜂上TS的数量最多、分布最广,TSⅠ和TSⅡ在雌雄间的数量无显著差异。雌蜂ChS、FSⅠ的数量显著大于雄蜂相同类型的感器数量;雌蜂BB、FSⅡ的数量显著小于雄蜂相同类型的感器数量。PS、CaS、MS的数量在雌雄蜂间无显著差异。观察发现,从触角基部到端部,感受器类型和数量越来越多,密度越来越大。【结论】雌、雄蜂触角感受器的总量较为接近,但不同感受器数量、大小和分布存在差异,具有明显的性二型现象;跳小蜂科昆虫中存在钟形感受器;大蛾卵跳小蜂的触角鞭节可能在寄主定位、识别、产卵等过程中起到更重要的作用。     

Tissue distribution and substrate specificity of an epoxide hydrase in the gypsy moth,Lymantria dispar

The stereoselectivity of the enzymatic hydration of disparlure, the pheromone for the gypsy mothLymantria dispar, and for twomeso analogues was determined. A single expoxide hydrase (EH), present in various male and female moth tissues, converted disparlure and the analogues to their respectivethreo-(R,R)-diols with high stereoselectivity as determined by analysis of the diols by chiral phase capillary gas chromatography. This EH recognizes thecis-nature of the dialkyl oxirane, but shows poor discrimination of the two alkyl chains.     

四种卵蜂对条毒蛾的寄生作用研究

对条毒蛾Ｌｙｍａｎｔｒｉａ ｄｉｓｓｌｕｔａ Ｓｗｉｎｈｏｅ发生林内的４种卵寄生蜂进行了研究。结果表明，毒蛾黑卵蜂Ｔｅｌｅｎｏｍｕｓ ｄａｓｙｃｈｉｒｉ Ｃｈｅｎ＊Ｗｕ是优势种，地三代毒蛾卵的平均寄生率为４０．７９％，另外３种卵蜂的寄生率明显低于毒蛾黑卵蜂，使用化学药剂防治条毒蛾和松毛虫时应注意保护这些卵蜂。     

木毒蛾白僵菌优良菌株的自然筛选及应用研究

本研究通过对林间采集的天然木毒蛾僵虫蛹进行组织分离和单孢分离纯化 ,选取 12个典型单孢菌株在马铃薯虫尸琼脂培养基上的表现性状以及与不同菌株的室内外毒力测定试验比较 ,从中筛选出 Bm1-1、Bm2 - 7、Bm3- 3三个木毒蛾白僵菌优良菌株 ,并将最具优良品质的 Bm1- 1菌株进行大量生产和大面积应用防治示范 ,取得了显著的效果     

锥栗珊毒蛾Lymantria viola幼虫防治前后空间分布型的初步研究

本文采用聚集度指标法和回归分析法,测定了锥栗珊毒蛾Lymantria viola Swinhoe幼虫在防治前后的空间分布型;研究结果表明,锥栗珊毒蛾幼虫在防治前后在林间分布基本成份是个体群,空间分布型均为聚集分布,文中分析并计算了林间调查的最适抽样数,列出序贯抽样分析表。