放归鳄蜥昼间活动时间分配的初步研究

2006年5—9月,采用焦点取样法和全事件观察法对放归鳄蜥的昼间活动时间分配进行了初步研究.结果表明:在放归鳄蜥昼间活动时间分配中,在穴占61.02%±30.56%、静栖占36.72%±19.71%、运动占1.55%±0.96%、摄食占0.12%±0.08%、其他行为占0.59%±0.16%.晴天和阴天条件下放归鳄蜥的在穴、静栖、运动、摄食活动时间存在显著性差异(P﹤0.05);圈养鳄蜥和放归鳄蜥的在穴、静栖、摄食活动存在显著性差异(P﹤0.05);雌、雄及亚成体放归鳄蜥间的在穴、静栖、运动活动存在显著性差异(P﹤0.05).结果也表明,长期人工饲养对鳄蜥的摄食活动产生了较大影响.     

Thermal ecology,activity pattern,habitat, and microhabitats used by the skink Mabuya arajara (Squamata: Scincidae) in the Araripe Plateau,northeastern Brazil

ABSTRACT

We evaluated the activity period, thermal ecology, habitats, and preference for microhabitats of the skink Mabuya arajara in a humid forest environment on the slope of the Araripe Plateau, Brazil. A total of 283 lizards were observed. The lizards were found to be diurnally active (unimodal type pattern), with peak activity during the hottest hours of the day (1100 to 1200). About habitat use, the majority of individuals (73.8% N = 209) were recorded in the narrow transitional area, in the edges of the forest; while 26.4% of individuals were observed in open areas and no observations were made in dense forest. Seven different types of microhabitats were used, with fallen palm leaves (Arecaceae) being the preferred (47.7% N = 135). Considering all lizards, microhabitat niche breadth was 3.27. Males and females presented a high overlap (0.95) in microhabitat use. The average T_c recorded for M. arajara was 32.06 ± 2.72°C. Body size (SVL) did not influence body temperature (F = 0.51, P = > 0.05). Most of the animals were observed with their bodies completely exposed (67.84%, N = 192), 18.37% (N = 52) were semi-exposed and 13.79% (N = 39) were in shelters. Among animals with some degree of sunlight exposure, 57.59% (N = 163) were in shadows, 25.10% (N = 71) were under sunlight filtered by vegetation, and 17.31% (N = 49) were under direct sunlight.A review of the ecology of Mabuya spp. shows that several features appear to be conserved among members of the genus.     

青海沙蜥和密点麻蜥生存环境的比较研究

本文研究了分布于青海高原的青海沙蜥（ Ｐｈｒｙｎｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓ ｖｌａｎｇａｌｉｉ Ｓｔａｕｃｈ） 和密点麻蜥（ Ｅｒｅｍｉａｓ ｍｕｌｔｉｏｃｅｌｌａｔｅ Ｇｕｅｎｔｈｅｒ） 的生存环境，总结了这两种蜥蜴的生存与所栖息地植被、土质、海拔有密切关系，对生存环境有严格的选择性和依赖性。     

An ontogenetically stable sexual character in a montane agamid,Salea horsfieldii Gray, 1845 (Reptilia: Agamidae) from Nilgiris,India

Many agamid lizards are known to show sexual dimorphism in body shape, colour and ornamentation or a combination of these traits. Adult males of Salea horsfieldii have a discontinuous dorsal crest at the nuchal region, which is a sexually dimorphic character. However, there is no information about the age or size at which this dimorphic ornamentation develops and if the species exhibits sexual shape dimorphism (SShD). The authors studied the morphology of S. horsfieldii and found that its ornamentation is an ontogenetically stable character present in all males, including juveniles. Seven morphological characters were measured to determine if they exhibited SShD at adult and juvenile stages. Analysis of covariance was used to identify differences in morphology between sexes. The results show that only adults exhibited SShD, but not juveniles. Adult males had larger head and foot lengths in comparison to females of the same size. Larger head length in adult males is a sexual fitness trait, which increases bite-force during intra-sexual combats. Although the presence of sexually dimorphic ornamentation right from the juvenile stage is rare in agamids, S. horsfieldii is an exception . The role of sexually dimorphic ornamentation at juvenile stages remains unknown and requires further investigation.     

麻蜥乳酸脱氨酶同工酶酶学性质比较研究

本文利用垂直极聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离麻蜥乳酸脱氢酶同工酶.研究了pH值、温度及底物浓度对同工酶的影响,比较了各同工酶的最适pH值,最适温度及米氏常数。     

几种小动物活动规律的实验比较

7—8月,对壁虎、螽斯、油葫芦、飞蝗、螳螂的运动性活动做了若干昼夜的连续记录。根据活动高潮出现的时间,分三种类型:(1)晚间活动:壁虎,天黑前开始,持续4小时左右,有明显的间歇。(2)白天活动:油葫芦、飞蝗、螳郎;后两者都从10时后开始,飞蝗活动到19时,螳螂活动到16时;油葫芦从早活动到晚。(3)早晚活动:螽斯,主要在6-10时。在实验条件下,这些动物无论是饱食还是饥饿,活动规律大致相同。     

蜥蜴皮肤感受器作为分类指标的研究

本文对鬣蜥科(Agamidae)和壁虎科(Gekkonidae)共6属10种蜥蜴的皮肤感受器进行了扫描电镜(SEM)观察。结果表明鬣蜥科沙蜥属(Phrynocephalus)5种沙蜥具有共同的感受器显微构造,并且感受器显微构造具有种间差别,但是其差别不明显。鬣蜥科龙蜥属的草绿龙蜥(Japalura flaviceps)不具有感受器。壁虎科4属4种壁虎皆具有皮肤感受器,并且,不同属的种类的感受器显微构造差别明显。另外与有关研究结果进行比较表明,不同分类类群的种类可以具有相似的皮肤感受器显微构造。本文根据上述结果讨论了皮肤感受器的有无及感受器显微构造的差别作为蜥蜴类分类指标的可能性。     

三种沙蜥消化道的组织学研究

三种沙蜥消化道的组织学研究郭砺,包孟彩,栾雅文（内蒙古大学生物学系,０１００２１,呼和浩特）关键词草原沙蜥荒漠沙蜥变色沙蜥消化道组织学中图资料分类号Ｑ９５９．６２Ｑ９５４．５８１材料与方法材料于１９９７年５月采自内蒙古西部,均为体长大于５０ｍｍ的成...     

Allozymes and the hybrid origin of the parthenogenetic lizardCnemidophorus exsanguis

Summary Allozyme electrophoresis was used to determine the hybrid parentage of the triploid parthenogenetic speciesCnemidophorus exsanguis. 19 of 33 loci were polymorphic inC. exsanguis and/or the 7 potential bisexual progenitors. It was determined from allele distributions thatC. exsanguis containes genomes form 3 different species, probablyC. costatus, C. inornatus andC. septemvittatus.Acknowledgments. We thank R.L. Bezy, W.M. Brown, A.E. Greer, C.S. Lieb, J.L. Patton and K.L. Wright for assistance in the field; the Departments of Game and Fish of Arizona and New Mexico and the Direccion General de la Fauna Silvestre, Mexico for providing collecting permits; and R.L. Bezy, H.W. Greene and D.B. Wake for discussions and criticisms. This research was supported in part by NSF Grants DEB 76-20599 and DEB 81-05615 and by a Research Fellowship in Herpetology from the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County to DAG.     

青海沙蜥和密点麻蜥的分布状况,生活规律及食性

本文分析,总结了分布于青海高原的青海沙蜥和密点麻蜥的分布状况,一日活动规律及其食性。