Magnetostratigraphic study of Cretaceous depositional succession in the northern Kuqa Depression, Northwest China

Stratigraphic studies on the depositional succession in the Kuqa Depression can be traced back to as early as 1950s[1], however, there are still some disputes about chronostratigraphic division of the Bashenjiqike For- mation because of the paucity of fos…     

新疆南天山库车河地区二叠—三叠系界线探讨

新疆南天山库车河地区山着二叠－三叠系的连续剖面，剖面中地层界线清楚，化石较为丰富。在上二叠统比尤勒包谷孜群中发现了安加拉大陆晚二叠世植物群的典型代表“Ｃａｌｌｉｐｔｅｒｉｓ”ｚｅｉｌｌｅｒｉ和俄罗斯库滋涅茨克煤田上二叠统顶部的特有种Ｙａｖｏｓｋｙａ ｍｕｎｇａｔｉｃａ。而下三叠统俄霍布拉克群的植物化石具明显的中生代面貌。因此，库车河地区海西期花岗岩之上覆盖着晚二叠世晚期地层，它与下三叠统俄霍布拉克     

Abnormal high pressure in Kuqa foreland thrust belt of Tarim basin: Origin and impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation

Following analyses of the abnormal high pressure distribution characteristics, based on the geological characteristics, tectonic stress field and physical simulation, we investigated the formation mechanisms of abnormal high pressure and its impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt. The abnormal high pressure appears at the bottom of the Paleogene and obviously exists in the Triassic and Jurassic. However, the pressure coefficient in the Triassic and Jurassic is lower than that in the Cretaceous and at the bottom of the Paleogene. Horizontally, the abnormal high pressure distribution is characterized by E-W orientation zoning. The maximum pressure coefficient lies in the Kelasu-Dongqiu-Dina tectonic zones in the center of the Kuqa foreland thrust belt and decreases away from the tectonic zones. The formation of abnormal high pressure was mainly related with the intense tectonic compression in the Early Pleistocene time, and tectonic uplifting, undercompaction and hydrocarbon generation were secondary factors contributing to abnormal high pressure. Under the rapid and intense tectonic compression in the Early Pleistocene, the rock framework firstly undertook 1/4 of the compression stress and the other was borne by the pore fluids. Due to the presence of great seal of gypsum-salt or gypsum-mudstone beds in the Paleogene, the pressure of pore fluids increased rapidly and led to the abnormal high pressure in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt. The abnormal high pressure has important impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation. It is one of the necessary conditions for formation of large oil and gas fields in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt.     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷东部天然气地球化学特征及成因类型

库车坳陷是塔里木盆地重要气源地之一,富含油气资源。但是,对于该区油气成藏认识还存在较大争议。通过统计库车坳陷东部600余个天然气样品地球化学特征,对该地区天然气组成、碳同位素、轻烃及成因类型进行了详细剖析。研究发现,库车坳陷东部天然气烃类气体以甲烷为主,重烃含量较低;非烃类气体主要以N2为主,含有少量的CO2。天然气碳同位素特征显示,库车坳陷东部天然气主要处于高成熟—过成熟阶段,且为有机成因烷烃气;并具有一定的同源性。天然气主要为正碳同位素系列,部分碳同位素表现出局部倒转现象。通过对库车坳陷东部天然气地球化学特征综合分析可知,该地区天然气为偏煤成气;且存在少量煤成气与油型气混合气,或者为"同型不同源"气或"同源不同期"的混合气。     

库车坳陷膏盐岩对烃源岩生烃及地温的作用

库车坳陷发育两套膏盐岩,东部发育于新近系吉迪克组,西部发育于古近系库姆格列木群,较薄部位膏盐岩可达几十米,较厚部位可达三千米以上。依据库车坳陷膏盐岩发育的特点,分别针对东、西部含盐地层建立简化模型,将地层划分为7个层位,依据库车坳陷膏盐岩发育层位设定西部模型第四层为含盐地层,东部模型第三层为含盐地层,运用该模型进行热演化模拟,探讨膏盐岩对地温及烃源岩热演化差异性的影响机制。模拟结果显示：由于膏盐岩的良好的导热性,使盐下地温相对脱盐地层同等深度地温大大下降,盐上地温相对提高,盐下烃源岩的热演化滞后。定量地分析盆地西部大北2井膏盐岩对烃源岩热演化和地温影响程度发现：膏盐岩厚度每增加100m,盐下地温下降0.9~1℃,烃源岩镜质体反射率Ro热演化滞后0.026%~0.019%,这有利于库车坳陷的晚期成藏。     

库车西秋里塔格构造带中、新生代构造演化

根据平衡剖面原理,对经过西秋里塔格构造带的2条地质剖面进行构造复原,利用PRA公司的BasinMod-1D软件对其中的2口井做沉降史分析,结果表明中、新生代的构造演化特征为三叠纪末期发生构造抬升形成古隆起构造,之后的侏罗纪未发生构造沉降,一直处于沉积间断状态,白垩纪早中期发生构造沉降,白垩纪末期库车拗陷整体发生抬升剥蚀,古近纪库姆格列木群沉积期的喜马拉雅早期构造运动强度较弱,苏维依组－康村组沉积期的喜马拉雅中期构造运动强度逐渐增大,到库车组沉积期－第四纪的喜马拉雅晚期构造活动最强烈。盐层的滑脱作用使得盐上、盐下地层变形极不协调,盐上地层缩短量明显大于盐下地层,表现出明显的盐上、盐下分层缩短的特点。     

Control factors and porosity evolution of high-quality sandstone reservoirs of Kela-2 gas field in Kuqa Depression

By using the integrated methods includingsandbodies modelling of the outcrops, sedimentary facies ofthe cores and well logs of the drilled wells, and the reservoircorrelation of interwells, it is thought that the sandstone res-ervoirs of Kela-2 gas field are a suit of high-quality naturalgas reservoirs with great thickness, extensive and continuousdistribution, high porosity and permeability, and a few bar-rier beds. Sedimentary facies and microfacies are the mainfactors controlling the reservoir distribution and interiorheterogeneity. Based on a great deal of data of rock's thinsections, porosity, permeability, and the parameters of capil-lary pressure, the reservoir diagenesis, controls, mechanismand evolution of pores have been studied. It is consideredthat compaction in the early stage and diagenetic dolomiteand calcite cements have effect on the decline of reservoirsproperty. Now compaction is chiefly middle to weak. Thebetter reservoirs have no or a few calcite cements. In theearly of deep buried stage, there are still mainly remainderprimary intergranular pores. The authigenic kaolinite ofreservoirs is the production of the dissolution of feldsparsand lithic fragments. The dissolution results in the partlymodified and broadened secondary intergranular pores. Inthe late of deep buried stage, structure fissures and over-pressure were in favor of improving and preservation ofthese pores.     

库车盆地依南气田构造变形特征及动力学机制

对库车盆地依南气田的构造变形特征及动力学机制进行了系统研究。依南气田所在的依深背斜为一具被动顶板的大型双重逆冲构造,其上覆依奇克里克背斜为一大型断层传播褶皱。它们具有分段和左行左列的雁列式展布特征。受印藏碰撞远距离效应的影响,背斜构造自晚第三纪中新世康村组沉积期开始形成,主要的作用力来源于碰撞作用所传递过来的构造挤压应力,多期自北而南的冲断作用是气田构造形成的根本原因。挤压作用不仅形成了大规模的逆冲断层及大型的断层相关褶皱,而且还产生了左行走滑作用,使断层在发生向南逆冲运动的同时还发生左行走滑运动,从而使背斜构造在走向上发生转折,并呈现出左行左列的走滑构造特点。     

库车盆地北部冲断带气源的构造地质学证据

从盆地构造史研究的角度认为库车盆地的天然气主要来源于北部山前冲断带：（1） 受原型盆地构造格局的制约,三叠系、侏罗系烃源岩发育的最有利位置不是在拜城凹陷,而是在克依构造带及其以北的北部山前冲断带;（2）晚第三纪以来的逆冲推覆作用使得烃源岩提早进入高—过成熟阶段,并以产气和凝析油为主;（3）逆冲推覆作用所产生的北倾逆断层控制天然气自下而上、自北而南运移,位于运移路线上的克依构造带和秋里塔格构造带的东段与烃源岩的排气期匹配较好,从而使这些地区最富集天然气。     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷侏罗系恰克马克组叠层石及其环境意义

详细研究了库车坳陷卡普沙良河剖面恰克马克组叠层石的形态及内部构造、微量元素、氧碳同位素特征。指出该叠层石的形成环境为咸水湖盆。从恰克马克组沉积为湖盆扩张期这一事实出发，认为叠层石的发育与干盐湖无关，而可以作为海泛存在的证据。