Monitoring the sandstorm during spring season 2002 and desertification in northern China using SSM/I data and Getis statistics

A massive sandstorm enveloped most part of northern China during the spring season 2002. Monitoring the evolution of sandstorm and desertification has become one of the most serious problems for China's environment. Since 1989, one of the most advanced and operational passive microwave sensors is the DMSP SSM/I (special sensor microwave imager) operated at seven channels (19, 37, 85 GHz with the vertical and horizontal polarization and 22 GHz with vertical polarization only). In this paper, the sandstorm and desertification indexes, SDI and DI, are derived from the radiative transfer equation, and are employed with multi-channel measurements of the DMSP SSM/I for monitoring the sandstorm and desertification in northern China. Some SSM/I data in 1997 and 2001 are employed. The algorithm of Getis statistics is developed to categorize the spatial correlation and its evolution these days. It is demonstrated that the SSM/I indexes, SDI and DI, and its Getis statistics are well applicable for monitoring the sandstorm and desertification.     

平果岩溶堆积铝土矿空间分布特征及成因探讨——以教美矿区为例

以平果堆积铝土矿教美矿区为例,对矿区堆积铝土矿的空间分布特征及成因进行了探析,提出了岩溶堆积铝土矿的堆积序列和分布规律。     

唐山城市防灾的地质灾害分区评价

根据唐山市区曾发生过的地质灾害及其相关的活动构造、第四纪沉积物厚度和地貌条件,从城市建设和安全的角度进行唐山市地质灾害分区评价。     

黔中喀斯特植被恢复过程中水土保持功能变化初步研究

以“空间代替时间”的方法,在黔中退化喀斯特植被区,选择不同植被恢复阶段地段建立径流场进行野外测定,结合室内实验分析,对试验区植被恢复过程中的0~15cm和15~30cm土壤物理性质、土壤持水性及土壤抗蚀性能进行了分析研究。结果表明:退化植被恢复过程中,植被对土壤物理性质的改良作用明显,相同土层深度,土壤容重为草本群落阶段>灌丛灌木阶段>乔林阶段,孔隙度为乔林阶段>灌丛灌木阶段>草本群落阶段;土壤自然含水量呈规律性变化:乔林阶段和灌丛阶段自然含水量与草坡阶段之比,0~15cm土层中分别是1.39和1.07,15~30cm土层中分别是1.30、1.04;土壤蓄水能力提高,非毛管持水率为乔林阶段>灌丛阶段>草坡阶段;土壤保土能力提高,相同土层深度、相同时段内,土粒的崩解速度为草坡阶段>灌丛阶段>乔林阶段。因此,退化植被恢复可显著提高其蓄水保土功能。     

溶洞上方条形基础地基极限承载力有限元分析

针对岩溶地区典型围岩条件,采用有限元方法对岩溶地区条形基础下溶洞顶板稳定性进行分析计算,得出溶洞顶板跨度、顶板厚度不同时地基的极限承载力;分析了极限承载力与各影响因素之间的关系,给出了溶洞顶板安全厚度的有限元分析结果.研究结果表明:溶洞顶板厚度在一定范围内,当顶板跨度从B增加到4B时,地基极限承载力降低1/3;当跨度一定时,地基极限承载力随溶洞顶板厚度增加而增加;当顶板厚度达到安全厚度时,溶洞对地基极限承载力影响可以不计.     

Contributions of different land cover types in Otindag Sandy Land and Bashang area of Hebei Province to the material source of sand stormy weather in Beijing

Different land cover types in Otindag Sandy Land and Bashang area of Hebei Province are linked to a material source of sand stormy weather in Beijing based on results of field vegetation and soil survey and laboratory works. Results of grain size analysis show that dust release potential in per unit area of moving sandy land is small,while lowland meadow and meadow steppe in stony hills have high potential of releasing dusts in per unit area during sand stormy weather occurrence. Further considering the effects of vegetation, it is inferred that the moving sandy land served as a material source of past dust storm and the possibility of dust release in per unit area is low in current time.Typical steppe in stony hills is undergoing desertification and its dust release possibility in per unit area is high. Farmland has strong potential of release dusts when they are ploughed in spring, but a large amount of therophytes grow and thus prevent dusts from release when cultivation was terminated.Potentials of dust release in per unit area in fixed sand dunes,stony mountain meadow steppe and low land meadow are lowdue to high cover of perennials. Sand dune reactivation and desiccation of lakes and lowlands under estimated future climatic change will make them serve as a future material source of sand stormy weather.     

喀斯特地区土地整理规划及景观生态学方法的应用--以重庆市涪陵区荒田片区为例

重庆市涪陵区荒田村属喀斯特地貌区，自然环境条件特殊，水土流失严重等生态问题突出．应用景观生态学的理论和方法，分析该区土地整理的生态条件，以及东、西片区土地利用和景观特征的差异，并据此提出西片区是土地整理开发的重点，东片区是生态保护的重点的规划方案，同时提出其利用对策及实施措施．     

略论中国荒漠化的原因和防治对策

荒漠化已成为中国走向可持续发展的重大制约因素。人畜密度过大和贫困是造成我国荒漠化的两个根本原因，两者的相互作用引发了不合理的农垦、过度放牧、过度樵采、陡坡垦耕，以及水资源利用不当。因此，防治荒漠化的基本对策是控制人口增长和通过防治与开发并重来促进地方经济的发展，进而“富民”。文章提出了政策、科技、公众参与、管理、资金、国际合作等方面的１０条建议。     

贵州喀斯特民族旅游区旅游效应及其空间辐射研究——以龙宫为例

喀斯特民族旅游在贵州旅游业中占有重要地位。本文以龙宫为例，通过抽样调查，揭示喀斯特民族旅游区旅游效应及其空间辐射的基本特征；探讨其成因机制；提出喀斯特民族区旅游开发的误区