Phytoseiidae from date palms in Israel with descriptions of two new taxa and a key to the species found on date palms worldwide (Acari: Mesostigmata)

The old world date mite Oligonychus afrasiaticus (McGregor) is an important spider mite pest of the date palms Phoenix dactylifera in most of North Africa and the Middle East. To identify potential predators of this key pest we monitored the phytoseiids in the date palm canopy and on the orchard floor for three consecutive years in the Southern Arava Valley of Israel. In this study we report on the phytoseiid species found. We describe two new species, Neoseiulus cozae and Typhlodromus shoshae, and redescribe seven species, Proprioseiopsis beatus, Neoseiulus marginatus, N. conterminus, N. rambami, N. bicaudus, Cydnoseius negevi and Typhlodromus athiasae, found on date palms or on the understorey Bermuda grass, Cynodon dactylon, gramineae in these orchards. A key to all species collected from date palm orchards worldwide is given. Proprioseiopsis beatus, N. marginatus and N. conterminus are recorded for the first time in Israel.     

以色列风险投资概况

经过近３０年的发展,以色列已成为世界上风险投资最发达的国家之一,被誉为第二硅谷。本文着重对以色列风险投资的发展历史、投资特点、运作方式及所取得的成就作了介绍     

美英苏在以色列建国问题上的政策及影响

众所周知，以色列是于20世纪中期经人为的作用，在巴勒斯坦这片土地上建立起来的一个国家。50余年来，以巴冲突一直贯串其中，并成为当今国际关系中的一个热点问题。回顾战后初期美、、苏对巴勒斯坦地区的争夺、对以色列建国的政策及其所造成的后果和影响，不难看出，以色列国家建立，在很大程度上是美英苏大国争夺的结果，阿拉伯和犹太两民族间的冲突一直被大国所利用。毫疑义，美英苏(现俄罗斯)对巴以之间的长期冲突负有不可推卸的责任。     

美国与以色列特殊关系评析

美以特殊关系形成于美苏冷战时期，此后不断加强，“9．11”事件后进一步巩固。促成美以特殊关系的形成从本质上说是由美国的国家利益决定的，也由于以色列在美国全球战略中的重要价值，以及美国犹太人对美国对外政策的影响。     

以色列农业及其对我国西北干旱地区的启示

以色列农业是具有节水农业、高科技农业、生态农业、市场农业和集体农业的特点,以色列农业之所以成功有重视人才和国情教育的因素,对我国西北干旱地区的农业有节约水资源、教育培训和农户互助合作三方面的启示.     

浅析以色列在中东战争中取胜的主要原因

从1948年至1973年，以色列与阿拉伯国家曾四次交战，最终以色列都取得了胜利。究其原因主要是犹太人具有坚强的民族意志；以色列在战争中运用了灵活的外交政策以及拥有雄厚的军事实力。     

A new,sibling, tree frog from Jerusalem (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae)∗

A new, sibling, species of tree frog of the Hyla arborea group is described from Jerusalem and the adjacent Judean hills. Hyla heinzsteinitzi sp. n. differs from the sympatric common H. savignyi of the Middle East in head shape, as the head is relatively wider and the snout more truncate; in call structure, as in each segment of its advertisement call the energy peaks abruptly near the segment's onset; and in colouration, as its dark lateral band is highly disrupted. In at least one of the H. heinzsteinitzi populations the frogs' green‐phase colour is turquoise rather than green. The distinction of the two species is demonstrable by Principal Coordinate Analysis. Hyla heinzsteinitzi seems to be endemic to a small area within the range of distribution of H. savignyi; here the two are sympatric and at least sometimes apparently syntopic. The ecological relations of the two are unknown. The new species is probably endangered.     

Revision of the spider subfamily Gnaphosinae in Israel (Araneae: Gnaphosidae)

Gnaphosid spiders of 6 genera in Israel are revised presenting a relative richness in species and updated information on the Mediterranean spider fauna. Many inhabit the stony deserts of the south or are psammophiles that were detected by pitfall trapping. Minosia, Minosiella and Gnaphosa have never before been reported from Israel. Minosia simeonica sp. n. and the unknown males of M. spinosissima and Minosiella pharia are described. Gnaphosa barroisi is reinstated as a separate species. Berlandina jovia Denis, 1947 is newly synonymized with B. venatrix Dalmas, 1921, while the following B. chopardi Denis, 1955, B. paludani Denis, 1958, B. afghana Denis, 1958 and its subspecies B. a. spinitarsis Denis, 1958, and B. macrostigma Denis, 1966 are new synonyms of B. plumalis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) one of the most widely distributed gnaphosids in the Old World. The matching female of Nomisia excerpta and the matching of N. palaestina, each proving a separate species, have been identified, and N. negebensis sp. n. is described. Nomisia marginata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1874) and N. mauretanica Dalmas, 1921 are new synonyms of N. ausserei (L. Koch, 1872), N. verneaui (Simon, 1889) = N. excerpta (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872), and N. soror Dalmas, 1921 = N. palaestina (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872). In Pterotricha, the largest genus of Gnaphosinae in the Middle East, P. levantina sp. n., P. parasyriaca sp. n., P. engediensis and the unknown female of P. dalmasi are described, and the following new synonyms are recognized: P. aegyptiaca Dalmas, 1921 and P. isiaca Dalmas, 1921 = P. conspersa (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872); P. fanatica Dalmas, 1921 = P. lesserti Dalmas, 1921; P. peregrina Denis, 1948 = P. chazaliae (Simon, 1985); P. lentiginosioides Nosek, 1905 = P. kochii (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872). Illustrations of diagnostic characters, records of distribution and pertaining literature are provided for each species.     

以色列水资源问题与中国西北地区水资源问题

以色列解决水资源问题的经验对新时期中国经济社会可持续发展有着现实的借鉴意义,以以色列的水资源问题及解决措施为基础,对比分析了中国西北地区水资源的安全现状,从政策、技术、教育等方面提出了保障中国西北地区水资源安全的基本对策。     

以色列的太阳能研究及应用

以色列成立于1948a，位于地中海地区，三分之二的国土为沙漠化地带，自然资源十分贫乏，上帝所赐的资源只有阳光，海水和沙漠。加之与周边国家关系紧张，能源的进口不得不舍近求远。为摆脱能源的困境，开发和利用太阳能长期以来视为其基本国策。50年来，以色列在太阳能研究领域一直处于世界领先地位，文章详细报道了以色列过去50年在太阳能研究方面所取得的重大成果。