Interactional expertise through the looking glass: a peek at mirror neurons

Interactional expertise is here to stay. Undoubtedly, in some sense of the word, one can attain a linguistic expert level within a field without full scale practical immersion. In the context of the idea of embodied cognition, the claim is provocative. How can an interactional expert acquire full linguistic competence without the simultaneous bodily engagement and real life interaction needed to get the language right? How can one understand the concept of hammering if one has never seen a hammer or felt the weight of the iron head on a fragile thumb? Here I will explore a strange and second-hand way in which bodily engagement could have an impact on our linguistic abilities; this is via the so called mirror neuron system. Since the mirror neuron system blurs the distinction between first and third person activity it can help us understand some of the enigmatic aspects of interactional expertise and pose further questions for research.     

They give you the keys and say ‘drive it!’ Managers, referred expertise, and other expertises

On the face of it, the directors of new large scientific projects have an impossible task. They have to make technical decisions about sciences in which they have never made a research contribution—sciences in which they have no contributory expertise. Furthermore, these decisions must be accepted and respected by the scientists who are making research contributions. The problem is discussed in two interviews conducted with two directors of large scientific projects. The paradox is resolved for the managers by their use of interactional and referred expertise. The same analysis might be applicable to management in general. An Appendix, co-authored with Jeff Shrager, compares the notion of referred expertise with contributory expertise.     

中国传统文化对语言学习风格形成的影响

学习者的学习风格是二外习得中个体差异的一个内在的固定因素,其形成受多种外部及内部因素的影响,而学习者最基本的性格特点构成了学习风格的核心。论述了学习风格的主要分类及四种语言学习者,并探讨了中国传统文化对学习者学习风格形成的影响。     

The evolution of a trading zone: a case study of the turtle excluder device

This paper explores the evolution of a trading zone by organizing the case study of turtle excluder devices within the model proposed by Collins et al. (2007). The case study offers evidence that trading zones do evolve and that the concepts of enforced and fractionated trading zones hold practical utility for describing and defining the complexities of actual exchanges. In this case a trading zone evolved from enforced to fractionated and ultimately diverged into two trading zones. For each step of the evolution I describe the forces that drove these transitions. Finally, I present an adapted trading zone model that is conceptually a better fit for the turtle excluder device case study.     

农村中学初中生自尊、社会支持与应对方式的关系研究

以398名初中生为被试，采用问卷法考察农村中学的初中生的应对方式的特点，探讨社会支持、自尊与应对方式之间的关系。结果表明：（1）农村初中生以问题解决、忍耐应对为主，而幻想应对最少使用；男生比女生更经常采用忍耐应对，而女生比男生更多的使用发泄和退避应对；（2）社会支持各维度与问题解决、求助、发泄呈显著正相关，自尊与问题解决、求助存在显著正相关，与幻想呈显著负相关；（3）社会支持对个体选择应对方式的影响力大于自尊的影响力。社会支持的不同维度、自尊对不同的应对方式，存在着显著的预测作用。     

浅谈高校公共体育教学的现状及改革

对我国高校公共体育教学的现状进行分析，从教学指导思想、教学内容、教学方法、课程设置、考核办法、教师素质等几个方面提出了改革的构思，以期促进高校公共体育教学改革．     

球面巨型网格结构的构成、支承方式与力学模型

提出了一种新的结构形式——球面巨型网壳结构。文中重点研究了肋环型和凯威特型球面巨型网格主体结构的具体构成形式、几何拓扑关系,总结了相应的形体控制参数;对子结构的形式及其与主体结构的连接进行了分析;描述了自动成形过程。使用Auto- CAD环境下的Visual C 二次开发工具编制了相应的自动成形程序;并对其主体结构支承方式与力学分析模型进行了探讨．本文工作为对该结构体系开展全面系统的力学性能研究提供了良好的前处理基础．     

论360度反馈与中国共产党三大优良作风的相似之处

一般认为360度反馈产生于20世纪40年代，最初被运用于英国军方所设立的评价中心。与此同时，毛泽东同志于1945年4月首次对中国共产党的三大优良作风作了概括和系统的论述。表面上看360度反馈和中国共产党的三大优良作风是风马牛不相及的事情，然而从两者的核心理念来看，它们却有惊人的相似之处，中国共产党的三大优良作风几乎涵括了360度反馈中的所有核心理念。因此，我国是最早拥有360度反馈核心理念的国家之一。     

小学生拖延行为与父母教养方式的相关研究

采用自我修订的拖延调查量表和中文版EMBU对400名小学生进行测试,旨在研究小学生拖延行为与父母教养方式之间的关系。研究结果表明:(1)父母教养方式与小学生拖延行为存在显著相关;(2)父亲情感温暖、母亲情感温暖、父亲的惩罚和严厉、母亲的惩罚和严厉因子对小学生的拖延行为都有着非常显著的预测作用。     

青少年的应对方式、应对效能与心理适应的关系

引入应对效能的概念,探讨青少年的应对方式、应对效能与心理适应之间的关系.结果发现:高水平的应对效能有助于他们更多地使用问题解决和分散的应对方式,而较少使用忍耐的应对方式;应对方式和应对效能都是调节学生感受到的压力与心理适应之间关系的中介变量,应对效能有利于减轻压力导致的焦虑和抑郁情绪.