The influence of home environmental factors and life style on children＇s respiratory health in Xi＇an

To assess associations between home indoor air environments and asthma,allergies and pneumonia,children aged 1–8 years were surveyed from 12 kindergartens in the city of Xi’an.2,020 questionnaires were responded with a response rate of 83.5%.The prevalences of doctor diagnosed asthma,hay fever,and pneumonia were 2.9%,3.6%,and 28.3%,respectively.Living close to a highway was a risk factor for current rhinitis(AOR 1.5,95%CI 1.2–1.8),eczema(AOR 1.7,95%CI 1.2–2.5),and diagnosed pneumonia(AOR 1.3,95%CI 1.0–1.6).Dampness problems in the home were associated with 50%–130%increases in the prevalences of asthma and allergy.Airing bed linen under sun-shine was protective,especially against rhinitis.Pet avoidance was consistently and significantly associated with asthma and allergy(AOR 1.3–2.4).Decoration of the home during children’s early life is a risk factor for current rhinitis(AOR 1.9,95%CI 1.3–2.9)and eczema(AOR 1.9,95%CI1.1–3.6).Risk factors for pneumonia were living in an apartment(AOR 1.4,95%CI 1.1–1.8),latex wall paint(AOR 1.3,95%CI 1.0–1.7),dampness(AOR 1.4–1.5),breast feeding\3 months(AOR 1.3,95%CI 1.0–1.7),never airing bed linen in sunshine(AOR 1.3,95%CI1.3–1.6),and cleaning children’s room less frequently than once per day(AOR 1.4,95%CI 1.1–1.7).This study demonstrates that home indoor environmental and life style factors may influence the health of children in Xi’an.     

城际铁路黄土路基填料室内力学控制标准

为优选路基填料,保证施工后铁路路基力学强度满足相关规范要求,通过现场地基系数K30试验建立K30与压实度、含水率的关系,取现场土样在相同压实度与含水率条件下成型室内试件,并通过CBR试验测定相应的浸水CBR0、非浸水CBR1,从而建立现场地基系数K30与室内CBR的经验公式,并基于规范对现场填料要求提出室内力学控制标准。结果表明：随着压实度的增加,K30、CBR0与CBR1均线性增加;随着含水率的增加,K30与CBR1线性增加,而CBR0呈减小趋势;CBR0与K30相关性较差,而CBR1与K30具有良好的线性关系,K30=1.91CBR1+35,R²=0.93。对不同铁路等级、设计速度与结构层位的路基填料,可采用室内非浸水CBR作为填料预选的力学控制标准。     

基于智能手机Tango传感器的室内三维场景实时感知

室内三维场景实时感知是室内增强现实、三维测图和机器人自主定位与导航的关键技术之一。利用智能手机Tango传感器搭载的单目摄像头和深度相机,根据实时获取的彩色图像和深度信息,研究并提出了一种实时的室内三维场景感知方法;该方法首先根据智能手机Tango传感器获取的彩色图像存在的问题,采用多项式函数对彩色相机进行校正。接着,使用ORB(oriented FAST and rotated BRIEF)算子对彩色图像进行特征提取,利用RANSAC算法剔除误匹配点;并根据优化后的匹配点对采用ICP算法对手机姿态进行初步估计。最后,基于融合空间关系的视觉词典(SDBo W2)对感知的初步室内场景进行闭环检测;并通过图优化得到实时感知的室内三维场景模型。实验表明,方法能利用Tango传感器高效地获取室内场景完整的三维结构信息与纹理。     

海洋温泉戏水大厅冬季防结露设计分析

针对室内温泉馆冬季围护结构内表面结露的问题,对室内设计参数的选择及散湿量的计算进行分析。给出了不同季节的运行控制模式。介绍了室内温泉池温度场、湿度场和速度场的CFD模拟结果。结果表明,局部区域可能出现结露现象,提出应对薄弱部位采取加强措施。     

室内空气品质综合评价的灰色物元分析法

应用灰色物元分析的基本理论对室内空气品质进行综合评价.实例分析表明,其评价结果客观可靠,原理简单,算法简捷,评价精度较高,为室内空气品质评价提供了一种简单而适用的评价方法.     

室内甲醛污染与儿童哮喘关系的研究

目的：探讨室内甲醛污染与儿童哮喘之间的关系，为进一步深入研究提供科学的理论依据，同时也为儿童哮喘的防治提供相关的建议与措施。方法：采用病例一对照流行病学研究设计．通过问卷调查儿童哮喘患者病例共50例．同时收集50例对照相关信息并测定100户研究对象室内空气中甲醛的浓度。结果：病例组室内甲醛浓度的分布在总体上高于对照组，且具有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；将室内甲醛浓度从低到高分为4个等级，4个等级的室内甲醛浓度均未超过国家规定的标准（0．10mg／m^3）；总趋势0R值表明在调整混杂因素前后，室内甲醛浓度平均升高一个等级儿童患哮喘的危险性分别为2．17倍和1．96倍。结论：室内甲醛浓度的升高可以使儿童哮喘发作的危险性增加．并存在剂量一反应关系。     

WiFi的室内定位技术的改进研究

现行传统Wi Fi(wireless fidelity)接收信号强度指示RSSI(receievd signal strength inication)的位置指纹室内定位技术存在定位误差大、稳定性差的缺陷.因此,我们对原有的K最近邻KNN(K-Nearest neighbor)算法提出了改进的方案.同时,在原有的KNN算法的基础上提出了融合朴素贝叶斯概率算法的新算法-BKWNN(Bayes K-Nearest weighted neighbor)算法.通过仿真实验的结果表明:在相同的实验环境下,BKWNN算法显著地提高了室内定位的精确度,BKWNN算法相比于原来其它常用的指纹匹配算法具有更高的稳定性.     

Sick building syndrome,perceived odors,sensation of air dryness and indoor environment in Urumqi,China

In order to evaluate the perceived home indoor air quality, as well as sick building syndrome （SBS） in areas with typical arid continental climate such as Urumqi, northwest of China, a cross-sectional study including 4,260 parents of children （1-8 years） was performed by a ques- tionnaire survey in winter season in 2011. The sensation of air dryness （weekly/sometimes） in the last 3 months had the highest proportion of reports by more than half of the parents （57.4 %）, followed by perceived stuffy odor （40.6 %）, unpleasant odor （27.0 %）, tobacco smoke odor （25.5 %）, sensation of humid air （17.9 %）, pungent odor （11.7 %） and moldy odor （9.5 %）, respectively. The prevalence of SBS symptoms in the same time period was 40.4 % for general symptom, 47.7 % for mucosal symptom and 9.5 % for skin symptom, respectively. There were significant associations between perceived odors/sensation of air dryness and SBS symptoms （ORs range 1.39-1.42）. Additionally, the OR values increased with an increase of the OH score （P 〈 0.05）. Dampness, the presence of cockroaches and mosquitoes/flies, prenatal exposure to decoration and close to traffic were all risk factors of SBS symptoms. However, frequently putting bedding to sun- shine was potentially a protective factor. In conclusion, adults＇ perceptions of odors and sensation of air dryness are related to SBS symptoms and home environmental factors in Urumqi, China.     

室内炊烟污染情况及危害

通过对炊烟引起的室内污染监测分析,了解不同燃料和通风条件下室内二氧化硫和氮氧化物的污染状况,指出炊烟污染对人体健康的危害和对室内金属制品的毁损,提出改善室内环境的对策。     

室内空气品质与组合式空调机组设计

介绍了国外著名制冷空调公司为保障室内空气品质在组合式空调机组设计方面所采取的措施.对我国组合式空调机组设计中如何考虑改善室内空气品质问题提出了建议.