公司债券违约率的结构化模型研究

采用期权定价和违约率函数的结构化处理方法建立估计公司债券违约率的模型，应用美国国内公司的整体数据给出了将模型具体化的处理方法，得到一个带马尔可夫链的违约率函数。根据实证数据的初步检验，该函数的拟合效果比较理想，可用于估计一般性上市公司群体的债券违约率。文中的处理方法具有良好的可行性，只要拥有模型必需的股权价值、债务价值和违约率的数据，就能按照该方法将模型具体化，拟合出违约率函数，并由此来估计公司债券的违约率。     

Improvement in hydrogen storage performance of Mg by mechanical grinding with molten salt etching Ti3C2Clx

Mg-based materials are currently a hot research topic as hydrogen storage materials due to their considerable theoretical hydrogen storage capacity. However, the kinetic performance of hydrogen absorption and desorption of Mg is too slow and requires high temperature, which seriously hinders the application of this material. MXene is a new type of two-dimensional material with significant role in improving thermodynamics and kinetics. In this experiment, a two-dimensional layered MXene containing Cl functional group was prepared by molten salt etching using the Ti-containing MAX phase as the raw material. Then different ratios of Ti₃C₂Cl_x were uniformly dispersed onto the surface of Mg by high energy ball milling. The samples were characterized by hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics, SEM, XRD, XPS, and DSC to investigate the effect of Ti₃C₂Cl_x on the hydrogen absorption and desorption performance of Mg. The onset hydrogen absorption temperature can be reduced to room temperature and the hydrogen release temperature is reduced by 200 ​°C by doping Ti₃C₂Cl_x. And there is also 5.4 ​wt% hydrogen storage in the isothermal hydrogen absorption test at 400 ​°C. The results of DSC demonstrate that the E_a of Mg+15 ​wt% Ti₃C₂Cl_x was reduced by 12.6% compared to pristine Mg. The ΔH is almost invariable. The results of XPS show that the presence of multivalent Ti promotes electron transfer and thus improves the conversion between Mg²⁺/Mg and H⁻/H. This study provides a guideline for further improving the hydrogen absorption and desorption performance of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials.     

贮氢合金的开发与研究进展

贮氢合金是近年来开发的一类新型高性能材料。本文介绍了贮氢合金的开发和研究的最新进展,论述了它在氢的提纯、热泵、空调、压缩机和镍—氢化物电池等高技术领域中的应用前景。     

稀土乙酰丙酮配合物的量子化学INDO计算

采用适于计算镧系化合物的量子化学ＩＮＤＯ方法，通过建立模型分子时镧－乙酰丙酮配合物进行了量化计算，计算结果能很好地解释配合物的晶体结构，同时对标题化合物的电子结构和化学键性质进行了讨论     

Co~（2＋）、Ni~（2＋）、Cd~（2＋）对过氧化氢酶动力学的影响

在生理条件下，本实验探索了Ｃｏ２＋、Ｎｉ２＋、Ｃｄ２＋对过氧化氢稳定性和过氧化氢酶生物活性的影响。结果表明，Ｃｏ２＋、Ｎｉ２＋、Ｃｄ２＋对过氧化氢的分解反应具有正催化作用，对过氧化氢酶的生物活性均有可逆的抑制作用，其抑制能力的大小顺序为Ｃｏ２＋＞Ｃ２＋＞Ｎｉ２＋。     

氨合成反应的BOC—MP法研究

用键级守恒莫尔势函数法（ＢＯＣ－ＭＰ）研究了铁催化剂表面氨合成反应的缔合式和解离式两种机理，计算表明缔合式机理速控步骤的活化能垒Ｎ２，ａｄ＋Ｈａｄ→ＮＨａｄ＋Ｎ（９２ｋＪｍｏｌ－１）低于解离式机理速控步骤Ｎａｄ＋Ｈａｄ→ＮＨａｄ（１６３ｋＪｍｏｌ－１）的活化能垒，但反应Ｎ２，ａｄ→Ｎａｄ＋Ｎａｄ（５０ｋＪｍｏｌ－１）的活化能垒又明显低于缔合式途径速控步骤的活化能垒．由此可推断，在铁催化剂表面存在着两种氨合成竞争反应途径，但缔合式机理在反应能量学上较为有利．     

邻二氮杂苯-水复合物氢键结构的理论研究

用直接密度泛函理论B3LYP方法对邻二氮杂苯-水复合物基态的氢键结构与相互作用能进行了理论计算，结果表明复合物之间存在较强的氢键N…H—O相互作用，在复合物中，水的H—O对称伸缩振动频率明显红移，计算结果与实验值吻合较好．     

CNa42+团簇的结构及其储氢性能研究

氢是一种理想的二次能源,它将成为化石燃料最有希望的替代能源之一,也是亟待开发的重要能源。而氢能的储存成本高,危险性大是急需解决的问题。理论上预测CNa_4~(2+)的储氢性能,通过理论分析,发现了每个CNa_4~(2+)团簇最多可与16个H2分子有效结合,获得23.5%的质量储氢密度。在B3LYP理论水平上,H2分子与CNa_4~(2+)团簇的平均相互作用能在2.107～4.948Kcal/mol之间。由于CNa_4~(2+)的质量储氢密度在7.1～23.7wt%之间,符合美国能源部的要求目标(5.5 wt%)。研究结果表明,CNa_4~(2+)在一定环境条件下可逆吸放氢性能良好,可作为潜在的理想高容量储氢材料。     

Microstructure characterization and hydrogen storage properties study of Mg2Ni0.92M0.08 (M = Ti, V, Fe or Si) alloys

In the present study Mg_2Ni-type compounds alloyed independently with Ti,V,Fe and Si were successfully prepared by wet-milling followed by sintering.Although these alloyed Mg_2Ni compounds exhibited a similar hydrogen storage mechanism as that of pure Mg_2Ni,the dissolution of Ti,V or Fe into the Mg_2NiH_4lattice had a considerable catalytic effect on hydrogen desorption from additional MgH_2.The further structure investigations clearly indicated that the substitution of Ti for Ni could suppress the formation of the micro-twined low-temperature phase(LT2)and promote the formation of the high-temperature phase(HT),thus resulting in remarkably improved hydrogen desorption kinetics for the Mg_2Ni_(0.92)Ti_(0.08)–H system.     

Experimental investigation and thermodynamic assessment of the yttriumhydrogen binary system

A coupled experimental investigation and thermodynamic study of the yttrium-hydrogen(Y-H) binary system were carried out to provide more comprehensive and quantitative insights into the key thermodynamic properties of this system. Y-H system in the full range of H/Y = 0–3.0 was investigated by accurate pressure composition isotherm(PCI) measurement to provide credible phase equilibria information and thermodynamic data.The phase boundaries obtained were in agreement with previous experimental data but with improved accuracy.With the guide of the crystal structures, all the solid phases were modelled using the three sublattice model. The Y-H phase diagram and thermodynamic parameters were calculated and assessed with the CALPHAD technique.The obtained results are in very good agreement with our experimental data and the published data reported in literature. The obtained thermodynamic database of Y-H system can be used to predict the hydrogenation behavior and decomposition temperatures of hydrides.