Reference, ontological replacement and Neo-Kantianism: a reply to Sankey

Contrary to Sankey’s central assumption, incommensurability does not imply incomparability of content, nor threaten scientific realism by challenging the rationality of theory comparison. Moreover, Sankey equivocates between reference to specific entities by statements used to test theories and reference to kinds by theories themselves. This distinction helps identify and characterize the genuine threat that incommensurability poses to realism, which is ontological discontinuity as evidenced in the historical record: Successive theories reclassify objects into mutually exclusive sets of kinds to which they refer. That is why claiming that scientific progress is an increasingly better approximation to truth is difficult to justify. Similarly, Sankey’s attack on neo-Kantian antirealist positions is based on his misunderstanding of some of the central terms of those positions, making most of his attack on them ineffectual, including his diagnosis of their incoherence. We conclude by reiterating our conviction that in this debate meta-incommensurability plays an important role.     

Vascular reactivity in chronic Goldblatt two kidney-one clip hypertensive rats

Summary We studied the possible contribution of increased vascular reactivity in the chronic phase of Goldblatt two kidney-one clip hypertension. Vascular reactivity was evaluated in aortic strips from hypertensive rats (16 weeks after inducing hypertension) and age-matched control rats. The findings were: a) increased sensitivity to vasopressin in the aortic tissue of hypertensive rats, b) a similar response to angiotensin II, noradrenaline and KCl in hypertensive and control rats, and c) reduced maximal response to angiotensin II compared with other vasoconstrictors in both groups of rats. These results suggest a possible role for vasopressin in the chronic phase of this model of hypertension.The authors thank Ms Karen Shashok for revising the English style.     

多种智力论与素质教育

哈佛大学心理学家霍华德·加德纳认为传统学习理论和教育实践活动对智力的理解太狭窄 ,他主张采用一种更宽泛、更重实际的智力观。他把智力分为七种类型。托马斯·阿姆斯特朗等把加德纳的理论运用到课堂教学 ,讨论了开发学生七种智力的各种方法。他们的见解为素质教育提供了理论依据和实际指导     

从翻译风格论视角析葛浩文的散文翻译

基于刘宓庆的翻译风格论,从音系、句法、词语、章法和修辞标记等角度分析葛散文翻译的语言特征和风格。并从翻译风格论分析其重现原文风格的翻译策略,即对应式风格转换、重建式风格转换和淡化式风格转换,以期为国内散文翻译实践提供启示和借鉴。     

美国休斯基金人才资助模式特征与启示

通过梳理美国霍华德·休斯医学研究所的几种主要人才资助模式,分析其特征,并提出在资助创新研究、培养创新人才、促进科技发展中值得借鉴的发展思路,得到四点启示与建议：要打破项目制的人才培养模式;在评价标准上突出人才的成长潜力;注重对有潜力人才的长周期培养;建立以科研为主的制度约束和保障。     

葛浩文与蓝诗玲翻译观比较研究

通过分析葛浩文与蓝诗玲的翻译观,包括对文本的选择、对原文和译文的忠实、翻译与文化的关系等,发现二人存在诸多相似之处：兼顾忠实与叛逆,重视跨文化交流活动,采用相似的翻译策略。二人也有各自的独特之处：文本选择标准不同,翻译模式不同。还分析了葛浩文与蓝诗玲翻译观存在相似之处的原因。     

让科学家在生命医学研究之刃自由舞蹈——霍华德·休斯医学研究所资助计划浅析

霍华德.休斯医学研究所(Howard Hughes Medical Institute,HHMI)是美国最大的生物医学研究私立基金会之一,它设立了各种不同资助计划支持美国生物医学顶尖人才开展具有重要原始创新性的生物医学基础研究。本文介绍了HHMI的各项资助计划,总结了HHMI资助的主要特点,并依此对我国基础研究管理工作提出了参考建议。     

Methimazole treatment reduces cardiac hypertrophy and mortality without a concomitant reduction in blood pressure in established Goldblatt two-kidney one clip hypertension

The effects of methimazole, and antithyroid drug, on blood pressure and other parameters were evaluated in the established phase of Goldblatt two-kidney one clip (G2K-1C) hypertension. Methimazole was administered via drinking water for five weeks, starting five weeks after hypertension had been induced. After this period of treatment, similarly high blood pressures were observed in methimazole-treated and non-treated G2K-1C rats, despite the fact that a hypothyroid state had been achieved in methimazole-treated rats. Methimazole-treated G2K-1C rats showed reductions in heart rate, ventricular weight, ventricular/body weight ratio and mortality in comparison with rats not treated with methimazole. These results clearly demonstrate that hypothyroidism induced by methimazole: a) does not reverse G2K-1C hypertension, but b) improves the rate of survival and c) reduces relative cardiac hypertrophy, possibly by the reduction in cardiac work observed in Goldblatt hypothyroid rats.     

世界第一大知识产权公司是如何被瓦解的——没有家族资本做“粘合剂”，任何知识产权资产都会变成“粉末”

美国的霍华德·休斯早年通过继承和购买专利,创立了休斯公司,完成了原始资本积累,开启了“科技沸腾时代”。他对科技创新的“剧烈”投资、“颠覆性”设计、“梦幻式”追求令大多数国家无法企及。休斯这种美国私营部门无比巨大的创新力、无比神奇的成本控制力一旦被激发,其发展“灭国兵器”的能力超乎想象。但随着休斯家族的崩溃,使得休斯营建的科技帝国逐渐被瓦解。不过经历了“休斯崩溃”带来的漫长休眠期后,曾经变成“粉末”的休斯知识产权资产正在重新聚合,重新发酵,重新扩张,重新爆发,美国新的“科技沸腾时代”可能再次开始,而这得益于美国独特的“保护家族知识产权”的最高战略。