同源重组在染色体DNA基因克隆中的应用方法

同源重组是生物界普遍存在的现象，从噬菌体、细菌到真核生物都有能发生同源重组的种类。如何把同源重组应用到基因克隆中成为近年来生物学家研究的热点。本文从宿主细胞的改造、重组功能的诱导、感受态细胞的制备、线性同源载体的获得及重组体的鉴定等几个方面具体叙述这种基因克隆的新方法，从分子水平上较为详尽地介绍了同源重组在染色体基因克隆中的应用、前景展望及存在的局限性。     

拟南芥钙依赖蛋白激酶CPK11与ABA响应元件结合因子ABF4相互作用的研究

为研究钙依赖蛋白激酶CPK11参与ABA信号通路的方式,本文利用体外酵母双杂实验(Y2H)以及体内双分子荧光互补实验(BiFC)分析CPK11与ABA响应元件结合因子(ABA-responsive element binding factors, ABFs)ABF4之间的关系.酵母双杂交实验表明CPK11与ABF4存在体外相互作用,双分子荧光互补实验表明CPK11与ABF4存在体内相互作用.以上实验共同证明CPK11与ABF4存在直接相互作用.作为CPK11的同源蛋白CPK4与转录因子ABF4在植物体内也存在相互作用.以上实验表明CPK11及其同源蛋白CPK4可能通过与转录因子ABF4相互作用从而参与钙离子介导的ABA信号通路.     

同分异构物分子结构与性能间的定量关系 1.多环芳烃中直链结构长度的优势

本文研究了多环烃异构物的分子轨道能量与电子活动性能的关系,包括各种并苯、联苯类异构物的分子轨道能级以及电子光谱等有关性能。每组异构物中,与最高占有分子轨道能级E_1及直接相关的性能以最长直链物为最低级限,带有侧位环的异构物则依侧位环数目递增,与E_(-1)及其直接相关性能,则以最长直链物为最高极限,依直环数的缩减而递减。各组异构物之间,性能～环数图线上形成的同系列曲线和等直环线都表明分子中直链的长度是主要因素。     

菜心多倍体诱变及其细胞学观察

报道了用秋水仙素水溶液处理菜心种子及幼苗生长点获得多倍体的方法,并对获得的四倍体与二倍体（ＣＫ）进行了形态学、细胞学以及结籽率等的比较观察。试验结果表明：（１）在１０～１５℃的条件下,用０．１％秋水仙素水溶液处理幼苗生长点４８小时的诱变效果最好,诱变率可达２６．６７％,浸泡种子效果不佳,最高诱变率仅为４．０％。（２）对四倍体植株分别进行人工自交均获得了种子,但结籽率较二倍体（ＣＫ）明显降低,平均达４２．３％,而八倍体植株几乎是完全不育的。（３）与二倍体（ＣＫ）比较,四倍体植株生长旺盛,花薹的产量和品质均有所提高。（４）随着染色体组的增加,花粉粒大小和叶片保卫细胞中的叶绿体数均显著增加,可作为鉴定植株倍性的一个指标     

小鼠Bpi条件基因打靶载体的构建和鉴定

目的构建小鼠Bpi条件基因打靶载体,为建立Bpi条件基因打靶小鼠模型和深入研究Bpi基因功能奠定基础。方法采用Cre/LoxP系统,选择小鼠Bpi基因第2、3外显子作为条件性敲除的目的片段,并在其两侧插入LoxP位点;运用LA-PCR技术,以129品系小鼠ES细胞基因组DNA为模板分步扩增包括Bpi第2、3外显子(中间同源臂)和上游同源臂在内的3.1 kb基因片段以及下游同源臂4.9 kb基因片段;构建pBSKⅡ-5SLoxP和ploxPFRTNeo-3L重组质粒,将前者酶切产物(3.1 kb)与酶切后的ploxPFRTNeo-3L质粒相连获得Bpi条件基因打靶载体。结果经多个限制性内切酶酶切鉴定和测序证实,构建的pBSKⅡ-5SLoxP、ploxPFRTNeo-3L重组质粒和Bpi条件基因打靶载体结构正确,与设计相符。结论成功构建了小鼠Bpi条件基因打靶载体。     

Visualization of protein RecR in Escherichia coli by fluorescent labelling

RecR protein, a functional equivalent of Rad52 in eukaryotes, plays a critical role in the RecF pathway of homologous recombination in Escherichia coli. By constructing and expressing the recR-yfp hybrid gene, the distribution of the RecR-YFP fusion protein was visualized in E. coli by fluorescent microscopy. Our results showed that RecR proteins can be localized predominantly in the nucleoid region of E. coli. By measuring the UV resistance of a recR mutant carrying the recR-yfp gene in the plasmid, the expressed RecR-YFP was found to be functional in improving the UV resistance of the recR deficiency strain.     

Construction of recombinant industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain with bglS gene insertion into PEP4 locus by homologous recombination

The bglS gene encoding endo-1,3-1,4-β-glucanase from Bacillus subtil＆ was cloned and sequenced in this study. The bglS expression cassette, including PGK1 promoter, bglS gene fused to the signal sequence of the yeast mating pheromone a-factor （MFals）, and ADH1 terminator with G418-resistance as the selected marker, was constructed. Then one of the PEP4 allele of Saccharomyces cerevisiae WZ65 strain was replaced by bglS expression cassette using chromosomal integration of polymerase chain reaction （PCR）-mediated homologous recombination, and the bglS gene was expressed simultaneously. The recombinant strain S. cerevisiae （SC-βG） was preliminarily screened by the clearing hydrolysis zone formed after the barley β-glucan was hydrolyzed in the plate and no proteinase A （PrA） activity was measured in fermenting liquor. The results of PCR analysis of genome DNA showed that one of the PEP4 allele had been replaced and bglS gene had been inserted into the locus of PEP4 gene in recombinant strains. Different endo-1,3-1,4-β-glucanase assay methods showed that the recombinant strain SC-βG had high endo-1,3-1,4-β-glucanase expression level with the maximum of 69.3 U/（h·ml） after 60 h of incubation. Meanwhile, the Congo Red method was suitable for the determination of endo-1,3-1,4-β-glucanase activity during the actual brewing process. The current research implies that the constructed yeast strain could be utilized to improve the industrial brewing property of beer.     

The search for the right partner: Homologous pairing and DNA strand exchange proteins in eukaryotes

Finding the right partner is a central problem in homologous recombination. Common to all models for general recombination is a homologous pairing and DNA strand exchange step. In prokaryotes this process has mainly been studied with the RecA protein ofEscherichia coli. Two approaches have been used to find homologous pairing and DNA strand exchange proteins in eukaryotes. A biochemical approach has resulted in numerous proteins from various organisms. Almost all of these proteins are biochemically fundamentally different from RecA. The in vivo role of these proteins is largely not understood. A molecular-genetical approach has identified structural homologs to theE. coli RecA protein in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae and subsequently in other organisms including other fungi, mammals, birds, and plants. The biochemistry of the eukaryotic RecA homologs is largely unsolved. For the fungal RecA homologs (S. cerevisiae RAD51, RAD55, RAD57, DMC1; Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad51; Neurospora crassa mei3) a role in homologous recombination and recombinational repair is evident. Besides recombination, homologous pairing proteins might be involved in other cellular processes like chromosome pairing or gene inactivation.     

特征L-fuzzy子群和同调L-fuzzy子群的刻划

给出了特征L-fuzzy子群和同调L-fuzzy子群的刻划。     

基因打靶技术在实验动物中的研究进展

简要阐述了基因打靶的概念和基本环节 ,系统介绍了筛选方法和基因打靶的策略。基因打靶在基因功能研究、人类疾病动物模型的建立和基因治疗等方面有着广阔的应用前景