电针镇痛对小鼠脑细胞游离Ca2+浓度的影响

实验探讨电针镇痛及钙通道阻断剂盐酸异博定(verapamil)、硝苯吡啶(nifedipine)对小鼠海马细胞及突触体游离Ca^2 浓度的影响．采用荧光染料Fura-2／AM测定在电针镇痛期间，小鼠海马细胞及突触体内游离钙浓度([Ca^2 ]i)的改变．结果表明电针镇痛时，海马细胞内[Ca^2 ]．升高，而突触体[Ca^2 ]i降低，向分离出的突触体培养液内加入钙通道阻断剂盐酸异博定、硝苯吡啶，突触体[Ca^2 ]．明显降低．提示电针的镇痛效应可能与海马神经细胞膜内、外钙离子浓度的变化有关．     

Effect of ytterbium on sodium current and its kinetics in rat hippocampal neurons

This study addressed the effects of Yb3＋ on voltage-gated sodium currents in rat hippocampal neurons using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Voltage-clamp recordings in single neurons were filtered and stored in a computer. Yb3＋ increased the amplitude of sodium currents in a concentration-dependent and voltage-dependent man- ner. The 50 % enhancement concentration of Yb3＋ on sodium currents was about 8.97 μmol/L, which was dif- ferent from the inhibitory effects of Yb3＋ on potassium current. The analysis on the activation and inactivation kinetics of Na＋ current showed that 100 μmol/L Yb3＋ did not change the process of activation and inactivation. In addition, the times reaching the peak of current （t） and inactivated time constant （τ） were voltage dependent. 100 μmol/L Yb3＋ significantly prolonged the time to peak at -70 and -80 mV. The effect disappeared at the positive direction of -70 mV. Furthermore, Yb3＋ decreased r val- ues to more positive values than -80 mV. In total, Yb3＋ did not change the process of activation, but impelled inacti- vated process. Yb3＋ mainly increased the Na＋ current through changing its conductance. It might be one of the mechanisms that Yb3＋ affected the hippocampal neurons.     

大鼠脑缺血再灌注后海马组织AchE活力的动态观察

目的观察大鼠脑缺血再灌注后海马组织AchE活力的动态变化.方法阻断大鼠双侧颈总动脉进行脑缺血再灌注,于术后第1,7,15 d用比色法测海马组织AchE活力.结果第1,7 d模型大鼠AchE活力分别是(170.95±10.44)mmol·L-1,(168.34±12.02)mmol·L-1,较正常组明显降低(P＜0.01),且7 d组AchE活力低于1 d组,随着缺血再灌注损伤的修复,15 d组AchE活力明显回升.结论 AchE活力降低在缺血再灌注脑损伤中起重要作用.     

JPSTH两种修正方法的比较与分析

联合刺激后时间直方图（JPSTH）能够反映神经元之间相关性的动态改变,是神经元信号处理中常用的处理方法。原始联合刺激后直方图（rawJPSTH）只是简单描述了两个锋电位序列之间的相关性。归一化联合刺激后直方图（Normalized JPSTH）和移位修正后联合刺激后直方图是对原始JPSTH的修正。本文用多电极记录海马神经元网络信号,对JPSTH的两种修正方法进行了较为深入的比较和分析。     

Postsynaptic long-term potentiation follows coupling of dendritic glutamate application and synaptic activation

Summary Dendritic depolarization, which seems to be involved in the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP), was elicited by localized glutamate application. When paired to low frequency synaptic activation in the same area, the subsequent changes had features in common with LTP, expressed as an increased probability of firing and shorter spike latency. The EPSP was not significantly increased.     

Achyranthes bidentata Blume extract promotes neuronal growth in cultured embryonic rat hippocampal neurons

We have prepared an aqueous extract of Achyranthes bidentata Blume, a commonly prescribed Chinese medicinal herb, and reported, in previous studies, that A. bidentata extract benefits nerve growth and prevents neuron apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the actions of A. bidentata extract on survival and growth of primarily cultured rat hippocampal neurons. The morphological observation revealed that neurite growth from hippocampal neurons was significantly enhanced by A. bidentata extract with similar effects to those induced by nerve growth factor (NGF), and the greatest neurite growth appeared on treatment with A. bidentata extract at 1 μg/ml for 24 h. DNA microarray analysis indicated that there were 25 upregulated genes and 47 downregulated genes exhibiting significantly differential expression in hippocampal neurons treated with A. bidentata extract at 1 μg/ml for 6 h when compared to those in untreated hippocampal neurons. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis demonstrated that the expression of growth-associated protein-43 in hippocampal neurons was upregulated at both mRNA and protein levels after treatment with A. bidentata extract, and the optimal dosage of the extract was also 1 μg/ml. These data confirm that A. bidentata extract could promote in vitro hippocampal neuronal growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner.     

Effects of glycolytic metabolites on preservation of high energy phosphate level and synaptic transmission in the granule cells of guinea pig hippocampal slices

The present study was undertaken to investigate whether neural activity of hippocampal slices can be preserved after replacingd-glucose with glycolytic intermediate metabolites such as lactate, pyruvate and citrate or with other sugars such as fructose, mannose, maltose, glucosamine, sucrose and galactose. As an index of neural activity, population spikes (PS) were recorded in the granule cell layers after electrical stimulation to the perforant path of guinea pig hippocampal slices. In addition, we determined the levels of ATP and creatine phosphate (CrP) in each slice after the replacement ofd-glucose with these substrates, and correlated it with the neural activity. Substrates other thand-glucose could not maintain the PS for even 20 min although the slices perfused with medium containing lactate, pyruvate, galactose, fructose and maltose maintained similar levels of ATP and CrP as in slices incubated in thed-glucose-containing medium. These results indicate thatd-glucose is essential for the preservation of synaptic activity in addition to its main role as the substrate for energy production to maintain the levels of high energy phosphates.