取食天然饲料与人工饲料的大蜡螟Galleria mellonella的生长发育差异比较

在温度为35±1℃、相对湿度为65±5％及全黑暗的条件下,对取食天然饲料和人工饲料的大蜡螟Galleria mellonella(L.)的生长发育进行了观察。在天然饲料中,以中蜂巢脾为食的大蜡螟生长发育最好,意蜂巢脾次之,蜂蜡不能很好地使大蜡螟完成发育。试验采用来源广泛且价格低廉的麸糠、面粉和玉米粉为主要原料配制成人工饲料供大蜡螟取食,与供食中蜂巢脾的大蜡螟比较,蛹重、成虫寿命、产卵量均无显著差异,但幼虫历期明显缩短6.8天。     

大豆膳食纤维对成年大鼠腹腔脂肪积累及血脂和血糖水平的影响

运用药理生理学方法，观察了大豆膳食纤维对高血脂成年ＳＤ大鼠的体重增长、腹腔脂肪的积累、血清胆固醇和血糖水平的影响。与对照组比较，在实验的第１４天，高膳食纤维实验组体重增长率为对照组的－２２．７８％，腹腔脂肪重量变化率为－５９．５７％，血清甘油三酯水平变化率为－３０．１１％，血清胆固醇水平变化率为１４．２４％，血糖水平变化率为１０．３９％。结果表明，大豆膳食纤维对控制成年大鼠的体重增长，减少腹腔脂肪的积累，降低高胆固醇和高脂肪摄入后血清甘油三酯和胆固醇含量，以及降低血糖水平具有明显的作用。     

A practical artificial diet for the diamondback moth

A new artificial diet for the diamondback moth,Plutella Xylostella (L), had been selected out successfully. The diet contained the following constituents: soybean powder, wheat germ, wheat bran powder, brewer's yeast and other constituents. So far, the diamondback moth had been reared on this artificial diet for 25 generations and still mantained its normal biological characteristics. Under 25±1 C and 60%–75%RH with 12 h PH, the results of rearing the diamondback moth on the diet as follows: egg hatch, 81.3%–94.7%; survival from eggs to pupae, 55.0%–76.7%; pupal survival, 79.7%–100%; adult emergence, 80%–100%; fecundity 94.7–144. 4 eggs/♀; pupal weight, 90.4–110.8 mg/20 pupae; average days to adult: ♀, 10.2; ♂ 13.1. The diet is not only simpler on the constituents but also have better rearing results and more rearing generations. Li Guanghong: born in June 1965, Ph.D. graduate student. Current research interest is in entomo logical physiology Supported by the State Eighth Five-Year-Plan     

不同饵料系列对漠斑牙鲆苗种培育效果的影响

报道了不同饵料系列对漠斑牙鲆苗种成活率和生长率的影响.32.0万粒的受精卵经57 d培育,共获得全长2.7～5.5 cm的鱼苗16.6万尾.在仔鱼开口后自始至终加投配合饵料的饵料系列组(B组)的成活率比在35日龄才开始驯化配合饵料的饵料系列组(A组)的成活率高.初孵仔鱼至变态伏底时A、B组的成活率分别为58.9%和88.7%,从变态伏底始至出苗时全长平均为3.84 cm的A、B组幼鱼的成活率分别为79.0%和83.6%,从初孵仔鱼至出苗时的A、B组的总成活率分别为46.5%和72.4%,而两组的生长率差异不大.     

稻纵卷叶螟人工饲料的研究

 以稻纵卷叶螟为研究对象,按不同配方配制了6种人工饲料分别用来饲养稻纵卷叶螟,以筛选出适合饲养稻纵卷叶螟的人工饲料。结果表明,在温度为24~26 ℃,相对湿度大于80%,光照条件大于14 h的条件下,其中饲料D、E、F饲养稻纵卷叶螟二龄幼虫只能完成二龄发育,少数幼虫存活到三龄或三龄以上;饲料C饲养稻纵卷叶螟二龄幼虫也只能完成三龄发育;而饲料A和B饲养的稻纵卷叶螟二龄幼虫能完成整个世代发育,存活率分别为26.17%和36.40%,接近对照组新鲜水稻叶饲养的存活率36.67%,且蛹质量和新鲜水稻叶饲养的幼虫没有显著差异,但与对照相比,幼虫历期延长4~6 d、化蛹率下降8%~9%、羽化率下降11%~12%。     

Feeding ecology of the common sun skink,Eutropis multifasciata (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae), in the plains of central Vietnam

We studied the feeding ecology of Eutropis multifasciata in the tropical plains of central Vietnam to understand better the foraging mode, spatiotemporal and sexual variation in dietary composition, and rarefaction curves of prey-taxon richness for males and females. Stomach contents (n = 161) were collected from October 2013 to May 2014 using a nonlethal stomach-flushing technique. A total of 680 food items (624 animal items and 56 plant items) was found in 161 stomachs of skinks, representing 19 unique animal categories. We found that the diet of E. multifasciata is composed mainly of small, sedentary and clumped prey and that this skink specialises on spiders, insect larvae, snails, grasshoppers and crickets (with a combined importance index of 60%). Dietary composition, prey size and total prey volume in E. multifasciata changed between dry and rainy seasons and among regions. The total volume of food items consumed by males was larger than that of females, and the diversity and evenness index of prey categories were larger in males than in females. However, using rarefaction curves revealed that females have the higher prey-taxon richness after points between 130 and 140 prey items for frequency, and between 160 and 170 prey items for number of items, and the differences were not statistically significant. The foraging behaviour of E. multifasciata best fits a ‘widely foraging’ model.     

陇南小城镇私立学校6-9岁学生膳食模式研究

通过对陇南市私立学校的学生营养状况进行调查，并经过对研究结果的分析，得出结论：在甘肃省陇南市，6-9岁儿童膳食结构比较合理，但是离平衡膳食有一定差距，也存在一定的问题。需要在增加粮谷类（粗粮）、蔬菜、豆类、水产品、动物内脏的供应，相应减少动物脂肪的供应；加强营养指导，提倡健康生活方式，优化现有饮食结构等方面高度重视。     

不同食料对稀点雪灯蛾生长发育的影响

对稀点雪灯蛾Spilosoma urticae(Esper)选用22科47种植物进行室内词养试验,发现该虫可不同程度取食的植物有20科42种。在其取食的植物中具偏嗜选择行为,并具有转移寄主取食为害的习性;幼虫前期如能获得嗜食食料,后期虽得不到嗜食食料,成活率仍较高,但如幼虫前期和后期均得不到嗜食食料,则将降低幼虫的成活率。     

大黄鱼低沉性配合饲料养殖试验

自行研制开发的大黄鱼低沉性配合饲料,对比冰鲜、普通配合饲料和低沉性饲料三种饲料在海水网箱养殖大黄鱼的效果,分两个地点、两种规格、三种饲料和两个水平进行重复试验。结果表明:1、大、小两种规格的大黄鱼在三种饲料养殖下的成活率分别为,冰鲜(85%和79%),普通配合饲料(90.3%和81.5%),低沉性饲料(91.8%和85.5%)。2、两种规格在三种饲料养殖下的日平重率分别为,冰鲜(1.18g/d和0.32g/d),普通配合饲料(1.47g/d和0.35g/d),低沉性饲料(1.59g/d和0.40g/d);3、两种规格在三种饲料养殖下的平均饲料系数分别为,冰鲜(7.23和8.0),普通配合饲料(1.93和1.99),低沉性饲料(1.91和1.96);养殖成本分别为,冰鲜(13.29元和13.6元),普通配合饲料(13.32元和13.52元),低沉性饲料(12.80元和13.52元)。4、大规格商品大黄鱼养殖中,达400g上市规格的以低沉性饲料所占的比例最高,达86.8%,普通配合饲料次之,为61.5%,冰鲜最低,为48.5%,差异显著(P<0.05)。5、研制的低沉性配合饲料的特性:蛋白质≥40%,水份≤12%,饵料系数≤2.0,保形性≥12h,沉降速率≤50mm/s,致腐时间≥36h,饵料单价≤7元/kg。     

Microhabitat use and feeding habits of Crossodactylus bokermanni Caramaschi and Sazima, 1985 (Anura,Hylodidae) at a site in south‐eastern Brazil

We studied a population of Crossodactylus bokermanni in a stream at the Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural, Santuário do Caraça, south‐eastern Brazil, with respect to microhabitat use and diet. We characterized microhabitats based on substrate, distance to water and exposure level of the occupying individual (exposed or sheltered), and adjacent aquatic microhabitats (evaluated as potential nesting sites based on observed nests), according to water current (absent, slow or fast), substrate and depth. Calling males, silent males, ovigerous females, non‐ovigerous females and juveniles showed spatial niche overlap higher than that expected by chance, with calling males showing the strongest preference for microhabitats close to potential nesting sites (with intermediate depths, fast current and sandy bottom). Only 14 males out of 48 individuals examined for stomach contents had prey in their stomachs. The food items with the highest electivity values were Coleoptera and Diptera, but preys with both high and low mobility were exploited.