几种巴西橡胶三合树的生长状况和光合强度

不同组合巴西橡胶三合树在福建南部的生态条件下,其生长强度,生理代谢和抗逆能力都存在差异。本文中主要研究比较了几种橡胶三合树的生长强度,光合作用强度及其变化。研究结果表明,三合树的生长强度和光合强度明显比对照树高,不同组合三合树的生长强度和光合强度与它们的抗寒力成正相关。     

The juvenile stages of Parastacus brasiliensis (von Martens, 1869) (Crustacea,Decapoda, Parastacidae)

The family Parastacidae consists of the freshwater crustaceans popularly known as crayfishes or crawfishes. Only the genus Parastacus occurs in Brazil, with P. brasiliensis (von Martens, 1869) endemic to the state of Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil. Parastacids have direct development, ecloding as juveniles. In laboratory‐reared specimens, juvenile I stage is similar in morphology to the adult, with no setae on most appendages, absence of uropods and presence of a hook on the dactyl of pereiopods 4 and 5. The juvenile II retains juvenile I characteristics but has more setae, which are more varied in morphology. The juvenile III possesses setae as the adults, fully formed uropods and the hooks on pereiopods 4 and 5 are substituted by an apical rectilinear dactylus.     

巴西橡胶树树皮蛋白质组学分析体系的构建

巴西橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)是一种重要的产胶植物,其体内合成和贮存胶乳的地方是乳管系统,而乳管主要分布于树皮中。以10年生巴西橡胶树无性系“热研88-13”为研究对象,采用改进的三氯乙酸(TCA) 丙酮沉淀法提取树皮蛋白,使用17 cm,pH 4~7的IPG胶条进行双向电泳,得到良好的蛋白图谱。PDQuest软件(Bio rad)分析银染后的凝胶,共得到约350个蛋白点。从这些蛋白点中随机选取10个蛋白点经基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI TOF MS)分析后,搜索NCBInr数据库对蛋白进行鉴定。结果显示,这些蛋白主要包括两种来源于巴西橡胶树中的重要蛋白,即橡胶小粒子蛋白(Small rubber particle protein)和橡胶树凝集因子(hevein),此外还有一些其他功能和未知功能的蛋白。     

植物细胞骨架在橡胶树产胶和排胶中的可能作用

目前我们对乳管细胞的细胞骨架还了解得很少。根据乳管细胞的结构特点和橡胶生产中乳管被切割的情况,我们推测乳管细胞的细胞骨架在橡胶树产胶和排胶、在乳管伤口的堵塞和愈合中可能起重要作用。     

西双版纳地区三叶橡胶树异戊二烯和单萜烯排放机理初步研究

对云南省西双版纳地区三叶橡胶（Hevea brasiliensis（H.B.K）Muell.-Arg）异戊二烯和单萜烯排放的研究发现,三叶橡胶排放很少量的异戊二烯（排放速率大约0～1μgC·g^-1h^-1）,而排放大量的单萜烯（排放速率大约10～100μgC·g^-1h^-1）。造成这种排放特征的原因可能是橡胶树树叶叶绿体中合成异戊二烯所必需的异戊二烯合成酶（Isoprene Synthase）缺乏所致。     

零上低温对巴西橡胶树无性系两种酶的影响

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳研究不同抗冷性的巴西橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)过氧化物酶和酯酶同工酶。试验结果表明:不论在常温或低温下,过氧化物酶同工酶在各无性系间存在明显的差异,抗冷性强的无性系比抗冷性弱的无性系多2～3条酶区带;酯酶同工酶在各无性系间也有显著差异,抗冷性强的无性系比抗冷性弱的无性系多2～7条酶区带,经低温作用后抗冷性强的无性系同工酶区带保持较稳定,而抗冷性弱的无性系3～4条酶区带消失。     

Female treehoppers camouflage behaviour is evidenced during oviposition on wild shrubs

Various species of treehoppers possess a structure known as ‘helmet’ that may work as a camouflage feature (i.e. masquerade) by mimicking plant thorns. The helmet is expected to provide an adaptive advantage against predators if treehoppers choose to stay closer to thorns during times of vulnerability. The treehopper Enchenopa brasiliensis Strümpel possess a helmet that visually resembles the leaf thorns of its host plant, the wolf apple shrub Solanum lycocarpum St. Hill. In a field study, I examined the hypothesis that females of E. brasiliensis exhibit a potential camouflage behaviour by choosing to oviposit next to leaf thorns of S. lycocarpum. In fact, the results reveal that females of E. brasiliensis preferred to oviposit mostly on leaf midribs of S. lycocarpum possessing thorns as opposed to those without thorns. Additionally, females preferred to lay eggs closer to larger clusters of midrib thorns. This finding suggests that this oviposition/camouflage behaviour will likely increase the chances of female treehoppers being misidentified by predators; therefore, characterizing the mechanism of masquerade/deceptive resemblance. In a broader sense, this study also provides further evidence on how the narrow ecological relationships between plants and specialist herbivores can fuel the evolution of specific behavioural adaptations.     

巴西橡胶有节乳管组织发育的研究

应用新方法研究了巴西橡胶（ＨｅｖｅａｂｒａｓｉｌｉｅｎｓｉｓＭｕｌ．Ａｒｇ．）树皮中有节乳管组织的发育过程和不同发育时期乳管组织的形态结构及其对橡胶树产胶的作用．研究结果表明，有节乳管组织是由维管形成层产生的乳管原细胞分化形成的，其进一步发育可分为发育早期、成熟期和衰老期三个时期，每个时期具有不同的形态结构特征．发育早期的乳管组织网状结构不完整，乳管数量少，直径、长度小，乳管间接合管数量也少．这时的乳管组织对胶树橡胶产量作用不大．成熟期的乳管组织形成了稳定且较致密的网状结构，乳管数量多，直径及长度大，接合管数量也多，是树皮中主要产胶的乳管组织．衰老期的乳管组织网状结构受到破坏，乳管组织分布较稀疏，乳管内乳胶开始凝固并逐步消失，已失去产胶能力．     

西双版纳橡胶,胡椒,咖啡根际真菌及细菌区系的研究

研究西双版纳橡胶、胡椒、咖啡根际土壤中的真菌和细菌。从橡胶土样得真菌１１属４８株，其中青霉属（Ｐｅｎｉｃｉｉｔｉｌｌｉｕｎｍ）２９株，占绝对优势；细菌１４属６１株，其中芽孢杆菌属（Ｂａ－ｃｉｌｌｕｓ）３５株，占绝对优势。从胡椒土样得真菌１０属２５株，其中青霉属６株，为优势菌之一；细菌９属６１株，芽孢杆菌４２株，居绝对优势。从咖啡上样得真菌５属２３株，仍以青霉属居绝对优势，占１７株；细菌１２属６４株，芽孢杆菌有３５株，为优势菌。在初步探讨了三种经济作物根际真菌及细菌区系的组成、数量及优势种群的基础上，还分析了这些微生物在根际土壤中的作用及部分真菌病害问题。