普通刺猬的解剖学研究(一) 被皮

对２８ 只（ ♀１６ ,♂１２） 成年普通刺猬（ Ｅｒｉｎａｃｅｕｓｅｕｒｏｐａｅｕｓ） 的被皮进行了解剖学研究,结果表明,普通刺猬被皮有丰厚的皮下脂肪和发达的皮下肌,雄性被皮重占体重的３８－０２ ％ ,雌性占４４－２９ ％ ;雄性皮下脂肪占体重的６－８８ ％ ,雌性占１２－０４ ％ ,雌性皮肤重和皮下脂肪重均显著高于雄性（ Ｐ＜ ０－０５ 或０－０１） ,皮肌和刺重无性别差异。除面部、四肢和腹部外,全身披有粗而硬的针刺,针刺长１６－３６ ±１－３０ ｍ ｍ ,直径０－９５ ±０－１５ ｍ ｍ ,重３－５５ ±０－４３ ｍｇ。每只普通刺猬有针刺５４３４ ±４７５ 根。按颜色分针刺有五种类型,不同个体身上这五种针刺的分布比例不等。普通刺猬有乳腺５ 对,前后足各５ 指（ 趾） ,指（ 趾） 端具爪。普通刺猬皮肤的特殊结构,具有重要的生理保护意义     

户外冬眠刺猬体温变化的遥测研究

1984年冬季,将四只腹腔内埋有自制小型体温发报机的刺猬(Erinaceus dealbatus)放置在一僻静的户外实验场地,刺猬进入冬眠。用收录机接收发报机发射的信号。根据对信号的分析,证实刺猬在户外自然冬眠时确有冬眠阵现象,即每隔数日到十数日冬眠动物的低体温状态被自发升温所间断,升温可达到非冬眠季节体温水平。文中对刺猬冬眠阵的低温期和醒觉期的期间和温度特性进行了分析。     

Hedgehog signaling in pancreas development and disease

Since its discovery, numerous studies have shown that the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays an instrumental role during diverse processes of cell differentiation and organ development. More recently, it has become evident that Hh signaling is not restricted to developmental events, but retains some of its activity during adult life. In mature tissues, Hh signaling has been implicated in the maintenance of stem cell niches in the brain, renewal of the gut epithelium and differentiation of hematopoietic cells. In addition to the basal function in adult tissue, deregulated signaling has been implicated in a variety of cancers, including basal cell carcinoma, glioma and small cell lung cancer. Here, we will focus on the role of Hh signaling in pancreas development and pancreatic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Received 5 August 2005; received after revision 4 November 2005; accepted 22 November 2005     

刺猬、黄鼠和大白鼠对阶梯式低压缺氧耐受性的比较

本实验以体温、心率和呼吸频率为指标观察刺猬、黄鼠和大白鼠三种动物在常温(20±2℃)中清醒状态下对阶梯式低压缺氧的反应。各组动物均为6例。在低压舱中模拟高空低压缺氧、在模拟高度4000米、5000米及6000米阶段各停留30分钟,7000米停留2小时。结果表明:对缺氧的耐受性以刺猬最强,黄鼠次之,大白鼠最差。此结果提示:冬眠动物可能比非冬眠动物对缺氧具更强的耐受性。     

猴头菌深层发酵条件的探讨

本文对猴头菌液体发酵的相关因子,如温度、pH、通气量、不同的碳源和氮源以及碳氮比对菌丝体生长的影响进行研究,寻找到适当的配方.     

缺氧对冬眠刺猬激醒作用的初步观察

本文首次报告刺猬在冬眠状态下对缺氧反应的初步观察结果。观察指标为体温,心率和呼吸频率。6只刺猬在低压舱内一个大气压和环温2±2℃的条件下进入冬眠状态后,由低压舱模拟高空阶梯式低压缺氧。在模拟高度4000米、5000米及6000米阶段各停留30分钟,7000米停留2小时。结果表明:缺氧对处于冬眠状态的刺猬有促进其激醒的作用。     

Sonic Hedgehog signaling in advanced prostate cancer

The Hedgehog family of growth factors activate a highly conserved signaling system for cell-cell communication that regulates cell proliferation and differentiation during development. Abnormal activation of the Hedgehog pathway has been demonstrated in a variety of human tumors, including those of the skin, brain, lung and digestive tract. Hedgehog pathway activity in these tumors is required for cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth. Recent studies have uncovered the role for Hedgehog signaling in advanced prostate cancer and demonstrated that autocrine signaling by tumor cells is required for proliferation, viability, and invasive behavior. The level of Hedgehog activity correlates with the severity of the tumor and is both necessary and sufficient for metastatic behavior. Blockade of Hedgehog signaling leads to tumor shrinkage and remission in preclinical tumor xenograft models. Thus, Hedgehog signaling represents a novel pathway in prostate cancer that offers opportunities for prognostic biomarker development, drug targeting and therapeutic response monitoring. Received 18 August 2005; received after revision 30 September 2005; accepted 1 November 2005     

普通刺猬的解剖学研究(三)内脏

对 2 8只 (♀ 1 6,♂ 1 2 )成年普通刺猬 (Erinaceuseuropaeus)的内脏进行了大体解剖学研究。普通刺猬口腔容积大 ,口裂长 ,舌大而灵活 ,食虫型牙齿 ,单室胃、单乳头肾、双角子宫、无肓肠、无阴囊 ,有乳腺 5对 ,大小肠分化不明显 ,肠长相当于体长的 5～ 6倍 ,肝 7叶 ,肺 4叶 ,肝、脾、肾、胰、心脏和肺分别占体重的 4 1 2 %～ 5 2 3% ,0 2 9%～ 0 51 % ,0 42 %～ 0 53% ,0 45%～ 0 65% ,0 36%～ 0 51 %和0 42 %～ 0 60 % ,血液和褐色脂肪分别占体重的 7 7%～ 8 2 %和 0 75%～ 0 87% ,脑较小 ,大脑表面无沟回 ,雌雄刺猬除生殖器官重量有差异外 ,其它各脏器组分均无性别差异。普通刺猬的内脏特征 ,与刺猬的进化水平和生活习性有一定关系     

Decoding the Hedgehog signal in animal development

The Hedgehog (Hh) family of secreted proteins plays essential roles in a myriad of developmental processes via a complex signaling cascade conserved in species ranging from insects to mammals. In many developmental contexts, Hh acts as long-range morphogen to control distinct cellular outcomes as a function of its concentration. Here we review the current understanding of the Hh signaling mechanisms that govern the establishment of the Hh gradient and the transduction of the Hh signal with an emphasis on the intracellular signaling cascade from the receptor to the nuclear effector. We discuss how graded Hh signals are transduced to govern distinct developmental outcomes. Received 28 October 2005; received after revision 6 February 2006; accepted 15 February 2006     

Hedgehog signaling in vertebrate eye development: a growing puzzle

The vertebrate retina has been widely used as a model to study the development of the central nervous system. Its accessibility and relatively simple organization allow analysis of basic mechanisms such as cell proliferation, differentiation and death. For this reason, it could represent an ideal place to solve the puzzle of Hh signaling during neural development. However, the extensive wealth of data, sometimes apparently discordant, has made the retina one of the most complicated models for studying the role of the Hh cascade. Given the complexity of the field, a deep analysis of the data arising from different animal models is essential. In this review, we will compare and discuss all reported roles of Hh signaling in eye development to shed light on its multiple functions.Received 26 September 2003; received after revision 13 November 2003; accepted 19 November 2003