Little-known and phylogenetically obscure South African estuarine microgastropods (Mollusca: Truncatelloidea) as living animals

Areas of the Knysna estuarine bay in the Western Cape are dominated by three endemic South African truncatelloid microgastropods, temporarily known as ‘Hydrobia’ knysnaensis (Krauss), ‘Assiminea’ capensis (Sowerby) and ‘Assiminea’ globulus Connolly. Although first described 80–170 years ago and present in abundance (up to 100,000 m^?2), they remain surrounded by confusion and still await taxonomic assignment, largely because they appear most atypical members of their groups by virtue of anatomy and/or biogeography and/or habitat. This study contributes in-life perspectives to morphological and phylogenetic analyses known to be on-going. At Knysna, they are syntopic: at least two occurring in >85% and all three in >40% of individual 0.0026 m² samples from their region of dominance. Nevertheless, they tend to greater abundance in divergent microhabitats; ‘A.’ globulus dominating higher tidal levels, and ‘A.’ capensis and ‘Hydrobia’ lower ones; the former especially unvegetated sediment, the latter, if anything, seagrass. Interspecific feeding interactions appear unlikely to be responsible for these patterns, other evidence suggesting that all are maintained below carrying capacity. Field biology of ‘H.’ knysnaensis generally appears equivalent to that of northern-hemisphere intertidal hydrobiids and that of ‘A.’ globulus is typically assimineid, albeit at atypically low shore height. Unlike assimineids, however, ‘A.’ capensis is truly aquatic. The success of these truncatelloids in unusual circumstances may be consequent on the absence from South Africa of other microgastropod groups that fill their niches elsewhere in the southern hemisphere.     

Biodiversity and biogeography of non-marine Mollusca on the islands of the Southern Ocean

There are no terrestrial and freshwater molluscs associated with Continental nor Maritime Antarctica. The malacofaunas of the cool-temperate and sub-Antarctic islands of the Southern Ocean are extremely depauperate, comprising a mere 68 site-records of 51 species from 27 genera in 13 families. The South Atlantic records are confined to the Falkland Islands, which harbour nine species (one bivalve, five pond snails and three terrestrial aliens), and South Georgia, where there is one Notodiscus sp. (Charopidae). The fauna of the South Indian Ocean islands of Prince Edward, Crozet, Kerguelen and Heard, comprises two alien slugs and endemic Notodiscus hookeri (Charopidae). The majority of species occur on the South Pacific Ocean Islands of Macquarie, Campbell, Auckland, Snares, Antipodes, Bounty and Chatham to the south and east of New Zealand. The Chatham fauna is dissimilar to that on the other South Pacific Islands, though both represent vicariant remnants of common South Pacific Is./New Zealand Athoracophoridae, Charopidae and Punctidae. There is, other than the broad South Indian Ocean distribution of Notodiscus hookeri, little evidence of Holocene dispersal and colonization. Indeed the Southern Ocean is an effective barrier and the different regional (South Atlantic/Indian/Pacific) faunas are principally vicariant and derived from local survivors of Pleistocene glaciation.     

中国近海高海牛属(后鳃类)的研究

对中国近海采集的标本进行了整理、鉴定,共有高海牛属动物10种.     

A new species of Crepidula (Mollusca: Mesogastropoda: Calyptraeidae) from Chile: additional characters for the identification of eastern Pacific planar Crepidula group

A new species of Crepidula is described. It was collected together with Pagurus edwardsii Dana and Pagurus perlatus H. Milne Edwards, inhabiting the inside of empty shells of Tegula euryomphala Jones and other gastropods. The shell is low convex-oval in juveniles, low convex-oblong in males and concave-oblong elongated in females. In the adult phases the apex projects slightly at the posterior border. The sinusoidal septum is ‘V’ shaped at its centre, with a smooth sulcus in the left quarter. The osphradium has 2–13 digitiform leaflets according to phases of the life cycle. The characteristically thin, external-lateral teeth of the taenioglossate radula possess a row of denticles. In addition, evidence is given that: (1) males have a lanceolate penis with a spermatic tube; (2) the intracapsular-embryonic development starting with many embryos, occurs with a decrease at the larvae-protoconch stage, each one with an adhered-vitelline mass, and culminates with a few prehatching juveniles of 1 mm size. In the expression of the consecutive-protandric hermaphroditic sexuality, the male phase is truly separated from the female phase by a transition period at the population level. The shell and radular morphology, intracapsular development and ecological antecedents allow the proposal of Crepidula coquimbensis as a new species, and suggest a future taxonomic revision of the group based, moreover, on osphradium structure and new characters of the reproductive system, such as penis morphology.     

中国近海海天牛科(后鳃类)的研究

对中国近海采集的标本进行了整理、鉴定,共有海天牛科动物2属9种,其中1种为新记录。     

贵州部分地区陆生贝类调查研究(腹足纲:前鳃亚纲,肺螺亚纲)

首次系统报道贵州省陆生贝类名录共118种(其中含待定种13个),分隶于18科48属,其中有8新种(有6新种已另文报道),即贵阳弯螺SinoeeneaguiyangensisLuoetChen,1998,水田坝贝喇叭螺Boysidia(Bensonella)shuitianbaensisLuoetChen,1998,贵阳喇叭螺Boysidia(Boysidia)guiyangensisLuoetChen,1998,黄果树喇叭螺Boysidia(Boysidia)huangguoshuensisLuoetChen,2000,天星桥喇叭螺Boysidia(Ban sonella)tianxingqiaoensisLuoetChen,2000,茂兰腹皱螺GastroptychiamaolanensisLuoetChen,2002,茂兰沟螺Dioryxmaolanensissp.nov.(另文报道),茂兰果瓣螺Carychiummaolanensissp.nov.(另文报道)。对其种类组成和分布进行了讨论。     

The genus Ena in Turkey,with remarks on its phylogenetic relationships (Gastropoda: Buliminidae)

The Turkish species of Ena are revised. There are three species: Ena nogellii (Roth) is widespread in the western Pontic region of Turkey; Buliminus ponticus Retowski is a synonym of Ena nogellii (Roth); Ena menkhorsti Hausdorf and Bank, sp. n. is widespread in the eastern Pontic region of Turkey; Ena dazimonensis, sp. n. is restricted to the surroundings of Tokat. Ena is transferred from the Eninae sensu Schileyko into the Pseudonapaeinae Schileyko. Therefore, Pseudonapaeini Schileyko is a synonym of Enini Woodward and the Eninae sensu Schileyko must be called Chondrulini Wenz.     

广东硇洲岛的软体动物(Ⅰ)腹足类

采样调查表明在硇洲岛的潮间带共采集腹足类 ,软体动物腹足类隶属于 36科 71属 .其分布特点明显 ,属南海热带和亚热带区系 ,也是中国南海贝类的重要组成部分 ,但经济价值较大的种类其数量和分布区域有缩少的趋势     

褐云玛瑙螺(Achatina fulica Frussac)嗅触神经中枢内神经元的分布

用辣根过氧化物酶轴突逆行追踪技术,研究了褐云玛瑙螺嗅触神经中枢内神经元的分布。结果表明,神经元分布于脑神经节、口球神经节和足神经节中。脑神经节和口球神经节内的神经元主要分布于同侧,足神经节内的神经元则平均分布于左右两侧。嗅触神经中枢内的神经元多数属于中、小型,只有少数属大型神经元。