Studies on the reaction between Laccase ando-methoxyphenol by microcalorimetry

The reaction between Laccase ando-methoxyphenol have been studied by LKB-2107 batch microcalorimetry system. Thermodynamic parameters Δ _r H _m , ΔG _o , ΔG _T ^≠ and kinetic parameters (K _m ,k ₂) have been determined. The process of the reaction has been analyzed from changes in energy by using the transition state theory. Two methods for enhancing catalytic power of Laccase are proposed. The results shown that formation of an enzyme-substrate complex is “anticatalytic”. The enter and sole source of catalytic power is the stabilization of transition state; reactant-state interactions are by nature inhibitory and only waste catalytic power. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Wang Tianzhi: born in 1968. Ph D     

一株产耐高温漆酶真菌的筛选

从安徽省合肥市西郊的大蜀山上采集了40余株木腐真菌,将其在含有α-萘酚的麸皮汁平板上分离纯化后,根据菌落周围产生紫色氧化圈的显著程度筛选出4株漆酶活性较高的菌株,将这4株真菌进行摇瓶培养,测定并比较它们所产漆酶的活性,得到一株产酶活力最高的菌株SY04.菌株SY04在液体培养3d后粗酶液漆酶活力为330U/mL,在对其漆酶粗酶液进行活性分析后发现,该菌所产漆酶在60℃下保温30min后,活性不受明显影响,其最适反应温度为60℃.该菌所产漆酶具有较高的最适反应温度和热稳定性,具有一定的研究和应用价值.     

木霉菌拌种对小麦生长和根际真菌群落的影响

为了了解木霉菌拌种对冬小麦生长和根际土壤真菌群落的影响,选取小麦种植后180 d的根际土壤,通过高通量测序技术研究分析了4株木霉菌拌种对小麦根际土壤中的真菌群落组成的影响,通过qPCR检测了根际土壤中真菌的绝对含量。结果表明：木霉菌拌种处理后降低了小麦根际土壤中真菌群落丰度,同时发现小麦产量与小麦根际土壤真菌群落均匀度(香农指数)和丰富度(OTUs数)呈反比,而与群落的优势度(辛普森指数)呈正比;通过田间病害调查和测产,结果显示,与未拌种处理相比木霉菌拌种降低了小麦纹枯病和茎基腐病引起的白穗率,其中哈茨木霉LTR-2和QT21990防效可达60% 以上,增产7.42%和6.94%(P<0.05)。     

陇东地区主要树种的病害研究——以甘肃太统—崆峒山自然保护区为例

研究分四个季节对甘肃太统—崆峒山自然保护区2010年10月—2013年12月的天然林优势树种——白桦(Betula platyphylla)、山杨(Populus davidiana)、山桃(Amygdalus davidiana)、华山松(Pinus armandii)的有害生物及其危害情况进行了调查研究,从78号病害标本中鉴定出植物病原真菌17种,其中子囊菌门(Ascomycota)真菌2种,担子菌门(Basidiomycota)真菌15种.调查基本反映了林区病害的种类和分布状况,为该林区天然林保护提供了依据,并为林木病害的防治研究奠定了基础.     

青霉菌产漆酶条件及酶学性质的研究

通过对青霉菌产漆酶条件的优化,提高酶活,将其应用于生物制浆中。采用单因素对产酶条件进行研究,同时考察了漆酶的酶学性质。研究结果表明最佳培养条件为:麦麸16 g/L,酵母膏2 g/L,Al3+0.6 g/L,KH2PO43 g/L,30℃,pH 6.0摇瓶培养192 h。优化后漆酶的酶活提高了12.34倍。经过酶学性质的研究得出该酶的最适反应温度为30℃,而热稳定性为20~40℃,pH稳定性为3.6~4.0。     

酮戊二酸接枝壳聚糖-纳米金粒子复合物固定漆酶基电极的催化氧还原性能

以α－酮戊二酸接枝壳聚糖和纳米金溶胶共混所得复合物为固定漆酶的载体,将固酶复合物滴涂在裸玻碳电极表面干燥后,得到固定漆酶基阴极。文章考察了此电极在不含底物的电解质溶液中的直接电化学行为,同时还考察了其在扩散型电子中介体存在时的异相电子迁移动力学,同时研究了此电极对氧气还原反应的催化性能（中介体存在时）。在此基础上进一步考察了此电极作为氧气电化学传感器的性能。研究结果表明：α－酮戊二酸接枝壳聚糖一纳米金溶胶复合物固定漆酶修饰电极在无电子中介体时不能实现漆酶活性中心与电极之间的直接电子迁移,也不具备催化氧还原的性能。在扩散型电子中介体存在时,该电极能在较高的电位（催化氧还原的起始电位：790mV）下实现氧气的电还原,而且对氧气浓度较为敏感。这种漆酶基电极的在生理pH值时仍具有一定的催化活力。这种电极对氧的传感性能良好：检测限低达0．5×10－6mol／L、灵敏度高达35．6×10-6AL／mmol和良好的对氧亲和力（KM=89．9×10mol／L）。     

新鲜香菇子实体漆酶的纯化与性质

硫酸铵分级沉淀，离了交换纤维素柱层板分离技术，对香菇子实体漆酶进行了分离纯化，得到单一组分的漆酶，通过ＳＯＤ－ＰＡＧＥ凝胶电泳法，测得其摩尔式量为５５０００。研究表明该酶的最适ＰＨ为２．６，最适温度为７０℃，酶的动力学研究测出米氏常数Ｋｍ值为０．１４２ｍｍｏｌ     

Fungal diversity on fallen leaves of Ficus in northern Thailand

Fallen leaves of Ficus altissima, F. virens, F. benjamina, F. fistulosa and F. semicordata, were collected in Chiang Mai Province in northern Thailand and examined for fungi. Eighty taxa were identified, comprising 56 anamorphic taxa, 23 ascomycetes and l basidiomycete. Common fungal species occurring on five host species with high frequency of occurrence were Beltraniella nilgirica, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Ophioceras leptosporum, Periconia byssoides and Septonema harknessi. Colletotrichum and Stachybotrys were also common genera. The leaves of different Ficus species supported diverse fungal taxa, and the fungal assemblages on the different hosts showed varying overlap. The fungal diversity of saprobes at the host species level is discussed.     

Role of toxins in evolution and ecology of plant pathogenic fungi

Many fungal pathogens of plants adapt readily to changes in agriculture. Among the most revealing is a fungal group whose species produce host-selective toxins as key determinants of disease. Several lines of evidence support the hypothesis that these fungi evolved from opportunistic, low-grade pathogens by gaining new genetic information leading to toxin production; in some species, toxin production is known to be under single gene control. as a result of this evolution, these fungi became virulent and host-specialized. The best-known model cases belong to the generaCochliobolus andAlternaria; there are suggestions of evolutionary lines among these genera, with species that range from saprophytes to opportunists to specialized pathogens. Host specialization can lead to genetic isolation, a first step in speciation. Ability to produce host-selective toxin has allowed these fungi to exploit the monocultures and genetic uniformity of modern agriculture. Destructive epidemics have been the result.     

耕作方法对土壤真菌数量和群落结构的影响

不同耕作方法对土壤真菌数量影响不大,但对真菌群落结构和种群构成却有显著的影响,翻耕0－10cm土层土壤真菌群落含有20种真菌,其中以Chrysosporium merdarium为优势种,Acremonium butyri为亚优势种;翻耕20－20cm土层含有17种真菌,以Sterile blackA为优势种,Stachyborys chartarum为亚优势种;翻耕20－30cm土层含有10种真菌,其中以Chaetomium bostrychodes为优势种,Sterile blackA为亚优势种,铁茬0－10cm含16种真菌,其中Sterile blackA是优势种,Chaetomium bostrychodes为亚优势种;铁茬10－20cm土层含有126种真菌,优势种为Sterile blackA,亚优势种为Talaromyces flavus,铁茬20－30cm含有14种真菌,其中Chaetomium bostrychodes为优势种,Talaromyces flavus为亚优势种,免耕0－10cm土层由23种真菌构成,Trichoderma viride和T.koningii为优势种,Talaromyces trachyspermus为亚优势种;免耕10－20cm土层由14个种类构成,Talaromyces trachyspermus为群优势种,Eupenicillium brefeldianum为亚优势种;免耕10－30cm土壤由9种真菌组成,其中Talaromyces trachyspermus为优势种。