滇东地区早寒武世磷块岩的藻类化石

滇东早寒武世磷块岩薄片中发现大量藻类化石。本文所讨论的磷质藻类化石主要有:球状藻类、丝状藻类、疑源类、叠层石类、核形石类和花纹石类(凝块石类)等27个属种(或型),它们构成各种颗粒磷块岩、叠层石磷块岩、藻丘磷块岩,是磷块岩富矿的主要组分,P_2O_5可达30—37％。这些多门类的藻类化石,为生物成磷作用和成矿环境提供了主要依据,也为震旦—寒武系界线划分提供了新的资料。     

Plectonema boryanum作为外源质粒受体的筛选及其原生质球的制备与再生

对三种丝状蓝藻株系（ＰｈｏｒｍｉｄｉｕｍＬｕｒｉｄｕｍ，Ｐｈｏｒｍｉｄｉｕｍｆａｖｅｏｌａｒｕｍ和Ｐｌｅｃｔｏｎｅｍａｂｏ－ｒｙａｍｕｍ）的研究结果表明：Ｐ，ｂｏｒｙａｎｕｍ因无明显限制性内切核酸酶活性可作为受体进一步研究，对其原生质球的释出和新细胞再生的最适条件分析表明：０．１％溶菌酶作用的最适时间为２ｈ温度为３５℃，ｐＨ为７．０～７．５（０．８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的甘露醇为最适渗透稳定剂）。这些条件适合于在ＢＧ－１１液体中释放原生质球及固体培养基上新细胞的再生。     

发酵液中L—苹果酸的简易测定法

探讨了在L-苹果酸产生菌筛选过程中发酵产物的简易、快速的直接测定方法。通过对纸层析法、2,7-萘二酚法和β-萘酚法的比较试验,确定了适用于检测大批量发酵液样品的纸层析斑点面积法、即根据纸层析斑点面积与标准L-苹果酸浓度的对数是线性关系而建立的标准曲线,可定量测定L-苹果酸。应用该方法,从92株丝状真菌筛选出7株产L-苹果酸能力较高的菌株,其中8957菌株、当发酵控制在最佳条件下的L-苹果酸产率为21 mg/ml。     

云南省丝状绿藻初报

报道了云南省的丝状绿藻１７属２９种，其中１７种是云南首次报道，３种为中国新记录．     

Biofouling of the high-shore rockpool harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus brevicornis

The occurrence of microbial epibionts on the exoskeleton of the high-shore rockpool inhabitant Tigriopus brevicornis is described. The major biofoulant is a filamentous bacterium of the genus Leucothrix. Other observed epibionts on the exoskeleton of T. brevicornis include ciliates and diatoms. Harpacticoid copepods have no grooming structures to counteract fouling. Possible effects of these epibionts on the movement and feeding of T. brevicornis are suggested.     

Characterization of nitrogen-fixing moderate halophilic cyanobacteria isolated from saline soils of Songnen Plain in China

Twenty out of 200 isolates of cyanobacteria mainly from saline soils of Songnen Plain of China were successfully grown on BG11 N-free medium. The nitrogen-fixing activity was then demonstrated for the twenty isolates in modified BG11 medium using the acetylene reduction assay. All of them possessed appreciable nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction) under non-saline conditions; however, at 5 % NaCl only 60 % of the isolates exhibited a high rate of this activity and 25 % were completely negative under these conditions. The cyanobacteria isolates grew well in BG11 medium; nevertheless, growth of the majority of isolates was reduced by about 25%-85% in the same medium containing 5% NaCl. Cellulolytic activity was detected in 50% of the twenty strains, amylolytic in 45%, and pectinolytic in 10% of the isolates. The cyanobacteria isolates showed also enzymeatic activity under saline conditions (6%). The preliminary identification indicated that seven isolates were Nostoc, two were Microcystis, four were Oscillatoria, six were Anabaena, and one isolate was Synechococcus.      

活性污泥丝状膨胀的防止和克服方法

活性污泥丝状膨胀是采用活性污泥法的污水处理厂运行中经常出现的严重问题．通过大量的试验和调查证实,导致活性污泥丝状膨胀的主要因素是进入曝气池的污水水质（如含大量溶解性易降解合联有机物及硫化物等）促使丝状细菌过度生长所致,而污泥负荷率、曝气池的运行方式、溶解氧浓度和污水的碳氮比等是提供丝状菌生长的环境条件,防止和克服污泥丝状膨胀的有效方法是改变进入曝气池的污水水质．通过调整工艺采用简单、有效的方法改变水质,如：①取消初沉淀池或采用短停留时间的初沉池;②采用两级活性污泥法（例如A－B法等）;③在曝气池的前端设置部分填料,将曝气池的一部分改为生物接触氧化池;④采用序批式间歇活性污泥（SBR）法,以上措施可防止和克服活性污泥丝状膨胀．     

丝状真菌表达系统在thaumatin基因工程中的优化

在thaumatin重组生产中，丝状真菌是最成功的表达系统，十几年来，为了最大程度地获得重组thaumatin，人们对丝状真菌表达系统进行了各种优化，如选用特异性强启动子、增加基因拷贝数、利用蛋白酶缺陷株、进行基因融合、优化反应条件等。随着丝状真菌表达系统的优化，重组thaumatin的产量也随之提高。     

磺基水杨酸的分子内质子转移及其在酸性锡电镀液中的荧光快速测定

根据磺基水杨酸反常大的荧光Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ位移的实验现象，提出了它在一定条件下发生分子内质子转移的机理．据此建立了酸性锡电镀液中磺基水杨酸的直接快速荧光分析新方法．该方法不受共存组分干扰，５～１０ｍｉｎ可完成测定，测定的相对标准偏差小于３％．