紫茎泽兰等几种植物提取物对两种农业害螨的毒力作用研究

紫茎泽兰等几种植物的乙醇提取物对农业上重要的两种害螨(二斑叶螨和柑橘全爪螨)具有很高的触杀作用和一定的拒食作用。经回归和相关分析，处理浓度与作用效果(触杀和拒食)相关性都达到显著水平。相同条件下，DMRT法检验证明，紫茎泽兰提取物对柑橘全爪螨和二斑叶螨的触杀效果最好，在稀释1000倍后，对柑橘全爪螨仍有73．53％毒杀效果，对二斑叶螨也有29．17％的毒杀效果。紫茎泽兰对二斑叶螨的卵具有较好的触杀作用。     

镍矿区紫茎泽兰根际及内生细菌多样性研究

利用变性梯度凝胶电泳(denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, DGGE)技术对四川省攀枝花市镍矿区紫茎泽兰根际及不同器官中内生细菌多样性进行分析. 结果表明, 紫茎泽兰根际与不同器官内生细菌多样性存在明显差异, 香农 威纳指数(H)、丰度(S)及均匀度(EH)皆表现为根际土＞叶＞茎＞根. 土壤重金属含量与内生细菌多样性相关性分析表明, 样品的丰度(S)与Zn含量呈显著正相关 (P<0.05). 典型对应分析(cononical correspondence analysis, CCA)显示, 根际土细菌多样性受Zn、Cd、Pb、Ni等重金属负向影响; 紫茎泽兰叶内生细菌多样性与土壤Cu元素浓度呈负相关关系. DGGE条带回收测序结果显示, 根际及内生细菌主要为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、异常球菌 栖热菌门(Deinococcus Thermus)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)及部分不可培养的细菌.     

A new mechanism of invader success： Exotic plant inhibits natural vegetation restoration by changing soil microbe community

Since the 1950s of the last century, the exotic plant, Eupatorium adenophorum, has spread rapidly across southwest China, damaging native ecosystems and causing great economic losses. We examined the pH, N, P, K, and organic matter concentrations, and the bacterial community character (by Biolog EcoPlateTM) in soils from sites heavily and lightly invaded by this exotic species. Also, soil from the lightly invaded site was treated with a water extract of E.adenophorum roots to examine the effect of the plant on soil properties. We grew three plant species, one native and two exotic, in pot experiment using soil from heavily invaded site to examine the effects of the soil on these plants growth. The soil analysis demonstrated that the pH, organic matter, total N, total P and total K in soils from the heavily invaded site were only slightly different from those of the lightly invaded site, but concentrations of NH4^ , NO3^- and available P and K in the heavily invaded site were greater than those in the lightly invaded site. The catabolic activity of soil bacterial community in the heavily invaded site was different from that in the lightly invaded site. The catabolic activity of bacterial community in soils treated by the water extract of E.adenophorum roots changed and became similar to that in soils from the heavily invaded site. The pot experiment showed that the exotic plants growth in heavily invaded soil were not different from in lightly invaded soil; however, the native plant biomass decreased dramatically when grown in soil from the heavily invaded site as compared to soil from the lightly invaded site; and the same phenomenon was found when any potential allelopathic effects by E. adenophorum were eliminated by added activated carbon to those soils. Difference in soil nutrient availability and allelopathy could not explain this phenomenon of the native plant in the soils from the heavily and lightly invaded sites. Changes observed in the soil bacterial community were obviously related to native plant growth in those tow soils. Those results suggest that changing soil microbial community may be an important part of E. adenophorum invasion process. Since the soil microbial community serves as bridge in connection of exotic and natural plants, the exotic plant could inhibit the natural plant growth and reproduction by changing the soil microbial community in invaded site.     

佩兰提取物降脂活性的实验研究

研究佩兰提取物对高脂血症模型大鼠的降脂活性。采用60只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为正常大鼠组、高脂血症模型对照组、辛伐他汀组(5 mg·kg-1)及佩兰提取物低剂量组(6 g生药·kg-1)和高剂量组(12 g生药·kg-1),每组12只;高脂饲料喂养造模,造模同时给予相应药物的干预。分别于第5周和第10周检测各组大鼠的各项血脂水平。与高脂血症模型对照组比较,佩兰提取物低剂量组和高剂量组的TC、TG和LDL-C水平均降低,HDL-C的水平升高,高剂量组的作用最为显著(P0.05)。佩兰提取物具有降低高脂血症大鼠血脂的活性,具有开发前景。     

紫茎泽兰及其伴生种的光合特性

比较研究了紫茎泽兰及其伴生种在干旱条件下的光合特性,了解紫茎泽兰在干旱条件下的入侵特性,探讨紫茎泽兰具有较强入侵性的原因.结果表明,在干旱胁迫条件下,紫茎泽兰最大光合速率（Pmax）并不高,紫茎泽兰通过关闭气孔,降低蒸腾速率（Tr）,提高水分利用效率（WUE）等方式来适应胁迫环境.紫茎泽兰通过保持较长的生长时期获得生长优势,这可能是其入侵干旱贫瘠环境的策略之一.     

酸化预处理紫茎泽兰厌氧消化能源转化效率和原料利用率对比分析

以脱毒预处理的紫茎泽兰为原料,在室温条件下通过酸化预处理进行厌氧发酵,对发酵体系的能源转化效率和原料利用率进行对比分析.结果表明：酸化预处理发酵的TS产气率和VS产气率分别为199L·kg-1和240L·kg-1,分别是未经酸化预处理发酵的1.72倍和1.73倍;酸化预处理和未经酸化预处理的COD降解率分别为61.50%和44.07%;此外,酸化预处理原料的纤维素、半纤维素、木质素的利用率分别为21.28%、18.18%、13.28%,分别是未经酸化预处理的1.61倍、2.00倍和3.16倍.酸化预处理发酵的原料能源转化效率达到42.13%,分别是未经酸化预处理发酵的和文献值的1.78倍和1.95倍.     

紫茎泽兰根分泌物的化感潜力

 用滤纸和溶液2种方式培养紫茎泽兰并收集其根系分泌物,研究此分泌物对大麦、玉米的化感潜力.结果表明紫茎泽兰幼苗在真叶长出之前,其根系就能产生对大麦、玉米幼苗的生长具有抑制作用的物质,而且浓度越大,抑制作用越强.其根系分泌物对指示植物苗高、根和叶伸长的抑制作用,大麦分别达到32%,13%和43%,玉米分别达到45%,35%,82%,而对干重的影响相对较小.紫茎泽兰幼苗根系分泌物对紫茎泽兰幼苗根的伸长具有显著的抑制作用,但一定浓度下会促进其叶和茎的生长.紫茎泽兰根系分泌物的化感作用在其种子传播并迅速侵占新的生态位过程中可能扮演着重要的角色.     

链格孢菌毒素对紫茎泽兰致病性及生物测定方法的研究

以紫茎泽兰（Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng.）为生物测定材料,对链格孢菌毒素的生物测定方法进行了比较研究,筛同离体叶片针刺法可作为该毒素的生物测定方法,为进一步研究该毒素提供了可靠的生物检测手段。