Newtonianism and the enthusiasm of Enlightenment

The career of John Jackson (1686-1763), Arian theologian and controversialist, provides a key to unlocking the early reception and quick collapse of a Newtonian natural apologetic originally developed by Samuel Clarke. The importance of friendship and discipleship in eighteenth-century intellectual enquiry is emphasised, and the links between Newton and his followers are traced alongside those of a group of Cambridge Lockeans, led by Jackson’s direct contemporary Daniel Waterland, who proved instrumental in the initial dismantling of Clarke’s brand of Newtonian apologetic. The controversial context of this engagement is shown to have been largely provided by the religiously compromising rise of freethinking, and Tindal’s Christianity as old as the creation (1731) signalled the dangers to proponents of natural religion as an adjunct of Christian apologetic in such a heated atmosphere. Religious division of the sort that resulted paradoxically played into the hands of the freethinkers in the anticlerical atmosphere of the 1730s, and accusations were exchanged between Newtonians and Lockeans accordingly. The dynamic of England’s Enlightenment experience is, then, a complicated one, and, as the career and writings of Jackson and William Whiston demonstrate, it was one which absorbed as well as repudiated ‘enthusiasm’.     

试论18世纪欧洲启蒙运动

提起启蒙运动,人们很自然地想起法国。事实上,18世纪的启蒙运动不只限于法国,而是一个遍及整个欧洲的思想解放运动。它的中心至少有两个,一个在法国,另一个在苏格兰。它们各自具有启蒙运动的若干特点和思想影响。     

Early eighteenth-century Newtonianism: the Huguenot contribution

John Theophilus Desaguliers’s allegorical poem The Newtonian system of the world, the best model of government (1728) crystallizes the contribution of several important French Protestant exiles to the construction of early Newtonianism. In the context of diverging interpretations of Newton’s scientific achievement in terms of natural religion, writers such as Des Maizeaux, Coste, Le Clerc and others actively disseminated a version of Newtonianism which was close to Newton’s own intention. Through public experiments, translations, correspondence, reviews and books, they managed to convey a vision of Newtonian science which coincided with their propaganda of English liberties in Church and State. Therefore their effort on behalf of Newtonianism can be interpreted as part of a wider strategy of assimilation into English society at a time when most exiled Huguenots had given up hope of ever recreating a French Reformed Church at home.     

输入假说对大学英语教学的启示

本文首先介绍Krashen的输入假说及特征,阐释了可理解输入的重要性,论述了该理论对我国大学英语教学的启示,并且从教师、教材和学习者三个方面说明如何提高有效输入。     

阐释性翻译理论对民族典籍英译的启示——以《满都莫日根》为例

运用阐释性翻译理论,以《满都莫日根》英译文本为例进行论证分析,从音乐性、视觉性和直接意义等方面说明阐释性翻译理论对中国民族典籍英译的启示,指出其翻译理论为中国民族典籍翻译提供了强有力的理论支持。     

信息论的一般原理对教师课堂教学的启示

课堂教学可看作是一种信息交流活动，在这个活动中，教师的主要目的是使学生理解，掌握教学内容。为达到这个目的，必须根据信息传递的规律即信息论的一般原理，指导自己的行为。     

邓小平理想观论析

邓小平同志十分重视理想和理想教育问题，并多次加以阐述．邓小平心目的理想指的就是共产主义理想，其理想观可分内涵特征、现实作用、理想教育的重要性等三个层面，其精辟论述是对马克思主义的重要发展．学习领会邓小平理想观的深刻内涵，对于当前全面建设小康社会和促进“三个文明”协调发展，有着重大的理论和现实意义。     

Enlightenment of New Economy on the Development of Chinese Economy

This paper summarizes the features of the new economy in America, and then analyses the differences between the new economy and Chinese economy with trade theories. At the last, this paper concentrates on study of strategies for China to develop economic internationalization.     

国外生态城市建设对鄱阳湖生态经济区城市可持续发展的启示

建设生态城市是应对全球气候变化、保护生态环境的必然途径,是未来城市可持续发展的必然选择。探讨了生态城市内涵,从鄱阳湖生态经济区城市可持续发展的需要出发,以江西省共青数字生态城建设为样点,选取了一些国外影响较大的生态城市建设成功案例加以分析,从国外生态城市建设的实践中获取一些指导性的启示,从而推动鄱阳湖生态城市建设的发展。     

从《坛经》看早期南禅的时间意识解析

"前后"和"顿渐"是早期南禅思考修行和解脱时常用的哲学语言,这些语言中蕴含着对于时间的思考。早期南禅认为时间表现于个人和众生的"心"中,是一种对于"念"的错觉。时间有着一种特殊的表现方式,即以时空交错显示"顿悟"时融汇中西古今的思维跳动。早期南禅对时间的思考是一种对时间的承认,同时亦是一种对时间的解构,以弱化物理时间前后、长短、快慢的属性和以心理无念的超越性来解构时间,从而达到对时间的领悟和自身的解脱。