苯甲醛缩氨基硫脲Cu(I)、Zn(Ⅱ)配合物的直接电化学合成

用电化学金属阳极氧化法在非水溶剂中合成了苯甲醛缩氨基硫脲（ＨＬ）与Ｃｕ（Ｉ）、Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）配合物,通过元素分析、红外光谱、紫外光谱、磁矩、摩尔电导等对配合物进行了表征。     

抗磨贝氏体球铁的裂纹形核与扩展

采用压痕法及扫描电镜观察,研究了抗磨贝氏体球铁中裂纹的形核与扩展。实验结果表明,裂纹主要在石墨─基体界面形成,其次在碳化物─基体界面形核。裂纹在石墨─基体界面和碳化物─基体界面的形成机制不同,裂纹优先沿界面扩展。并从热力学的角度对其进行了分析。     

微乳模板控制合成磷酸钙盐材料

可以调控和诱导矿化的CTAB／正己醇／十六烷／水和TX100／正己醇／环己烷／水的两个拟三元微乳液体系作为磷酸钙盐矿化的“模板”．利用SEM、TEM、XRD和FT—IR等手段研究了产物的微观结构和组成．结果表明：不同的微乳及微乳中不同的相可以调控产物的形状、结构和大小，而且即使在相同的微乳体系中，由于成核作用的不同也可以导致最终产物的结构的不同．     

快淬对贮氢合金组织和电化学性能的影响

通过XRD、TEM、DTA分析和电化学实验 ,研究了快淬对贮氢合金组织和电化学性能的影响。研究表明 ,成分均匀性改善和单胞体积减小是影响快淬贮氢合金电化学性能的主要因素 ,其中 ,前者使充放电循环稳定性提高 ,后者使放电容量降低。在本研究中 ,快淬速度为 10m/s时 ,合金成分的均匀性已较铸态有明显改善 ,更高的快淬速度并不能使成分的均匀性进一步大幅度提高 ,反而使单胞体积减小 ,因此 ,快淬速度为 10m/s时 ,快淬合金的综合电化学性能最佳。     

Influence of thermal-decomposition temperatures on structures and properties of V2O5 as cathode materials for lithium ion battery

Submicron spherical V2O5 particles with a uniform size and a lower crystallinity were successfully synthesized by a chemical precipitationthermal decomposition technique using the commercial V2O5 powders as starting material. The crystal structure and grain morphology of samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM), respectively. Electrochemical testing such as discharge–charge cycling(CD) and cyclic voltammetry(CV) were employed in evaluating their electrochemical properties as cathode materials for lithium ion battery. Results reveal that the crystallinity and crystalline size of V2O5 particles increased when the thermal-decomposition temperature increased from 400 ℃ to 500 ℃, and their adhesiveness was also synchronously increased. This indicate that the thermaldecomposition temperature palyed a significant influence on electrochemical properties of V2O5 cathodes. The V2O5 sample obtained at 400 ℃ delivered not only a high initial discharge capacity of 330 m A h g-1and also the good cycle stability during 50 cycles due to its higher values ofα in crystal structure and better dispersity in grain morphology.     

Fine three-dimensional P-wave velocity structure beneath the capital region and deep environment for the nucleation of strong earthquakes

A detailed 3-D P-wave velocity model of the crust and uppermost mantle under the capitol region is determined with a spatial resolution of 25 km in the horizontal direction and 4-17 km in depth. We used 48750 precise P-wave arrival time data from 2973 events of local crustal earthquakes, controlled seismic explosions and quarry blasts. These events were recorded by 123 seismic stations. The data are analyzed by using a 3-D seismic tomography method. Our tomographic model provides new information on the geological structure and complex seismotectonics of this region. Different patterns of velocity structures show up in the North China Basin, the Taihangshan and the Yanshan Mountainous areas. The velocity images of the upper crust reflect well the surface geological, topographic and lithological features. In the North China Basin, the depression and uplift areas are imaged as slow and fast velocity belts, respectively, which are oriented in NE-SW direction. The trend of velocity anomalies is the same as that of major structure and tectonics. Paleozoic strata and Pre-Cambrian basement rocks outcrop widely in the Taihangshan and Yanshan uplift areas, which exhibit strong and broad high-velocity anomalies in our tomographic images, while the Quaternary intermountain basins show up as small low-velocity anomalies. Most of large earthquakes, such as the 1976 Tangshan earthquake (M 7.8) and the 1679 Sanhe earthquake (M 8.0), generally occurred in high-velocity areas in the upper to middle crust. However, in the lower crust to the uppermost mantle under the source zones of the large earthquakes, low-velocity and high-conductivity anomalies exist, which are considered to be associated with fluids, just like the 1995 Kobe earthquake (M 7.2) and the 2001 Indian Bhuj earthquake (M 7.8). The fluids in the lower crust may cause the weakening of the seismogenic layer in the upper and middle crust and thus contribute to the initiation of the large crustal earthquakes.     

基于经典成核理论的聚乙烯自由发泡中成核过程研究

研究了聚乙烯自由发泡中的成核过程。通过提出合理的假设,依据经典成核理论推导了发泡剂质量分数和温度对气泡成核过程的影响,结果表明,随着发泡剂质量分数的增加,成核密度不断增加,成核加速度也逐渐增大;随着温度的升高,成核密度先增加,直至达到最大成核密度并保持不变,但温度进一步升高,成核密度反而减小。推导结果与实验结果基本一致,说明经典成核理论能较好地描述自由发泡成核的过程。     

Structure and corrosion resistance of Al–Cu–Fe alloys

The microstructure and electrochemical properties of Al–Cu–Fe alloys with the atomic compositions of Al_(65)Cu_(20)Fe_(15),Al_(78)Cu_7Fe_(15)and Al_(80)Cu_5Fe_(14)Si_1have been studied.The alloys were produced by induction melting of pure elements with copper mold casting.The microstructure of the alloys was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.The formation of quasicrystalline phases in the Al–Cu–Fe alloys was confirmed.The presence of intermetallic phases was observed in the alloys after crystallization in a form of ingots and plates.The electrochemical measurements were conducted in 3.5%NaCl solution.The electronic structure of the alloys was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The post corrosion surface of the samples was checked using a scanning electron microscope equipped with the energydispersive X-ray detector.It was observed that the Al_(65)Cu_(20)Fe_(15)alloy had the highest corrosion resistance.The improved corrosion resistance parameters were noted for the plate samples rather than those in the as-cast state.And the hardness of the Al_(65)Cu_(20)Fe_(15)alloy was significantly higher than the other alloy samples.     

酮戊二酸接枝壳聚糖-纳米金粒子复合物固定漆酶基电极的催化氧还原性能

以α－酮戊二酸接枝壳聚糖和纳米金溶胶共混所得复合物为固定漆酶的载体,将固酶复合物滴涂在裸玻碳电极表面干燥后,得到固定漆酶基阴极。文章考察了此电极在不含底物的电解质溶液中的直接电化学行为,同时还考察了其在扩散型电子中介体存在时的异相电子迁移动力学,同时研究了此电极对氧气还原反应的催化性能（中介体存在时）。在此基础上进一步考察了此电极作为氧气电化学传感器的性能。研究结果表明：α－酮戊二酸接枝壳聚糖一纳米金溶胶复合物固定漆酶修饰电极在无电子中介体时不能实现漆酶活性中心与电极之间的直接电子迁移,也不具备催化氧还原的性能。在扩散型电子中介体存在时,该电极能在较高的电位（催化氧还原的起始电位：790mV）下实现氧气的电还原,而且对氧气浓度较为敏感。这种漆酶基电极的在生理pH值时仍具有一定的催化活力。这种电极对氧的传感性能良好：检测限低达0．5×10－6mol／L、灵敏度高达35．6×10-6AL／mmol和良好的对氧亲和力（KM=89．9×10mol／L）。     

聚丁二炔(Polydiacetylene)单晶中量子成核和热成核相变过程

本文研究聚丁二炔(Polydiacetylene)中的量子成核和热成核相变过程。在从PDB相向PDA相的相变过程中。会出现一个畴壁;相反,在从PDA相向PDB相的相变过程中,会出现一个反畴壁。我们认为,畴壁的形成是一种涨落的结果;利用统计物理的方法,对两种成核过程进行了详细的讨论,发现在ETCD-PD中,主要是热成核相变;而在ETDU-PD中,主要是量子成核相变,与实验事实符合。图5,参13