人类对地球形状认识的辩证过程

在系统讨论了人类对地球形状认识的复杂历史之后,作者认为这是一个“否定之否定”式的螺旋状上升过程,即“非球→球→非球…”的过程。在经历了5次“非球→球”的认识反复之后,目前人类已跨入对地球本身便存在着“球(?)非球”的动态变化过程的认识这个崭新的阶段。     

铬法与锰法测定地表水COD值的研究

通过采用铬法与锰法测定佛山科学技术学院校园湖水COD值以及铬法与锰法分析条件、氧化率的相互比较．其结果表明：铬法精度高于锰法，铬法比锰法氧化完全，因此，采用铬法来作为控制有机污染物综合性指标比用锰法更为适宜，在测定清洁的地表水COD值时可用锰法，但对于受污染的地表水用铬法更适合。     

地球内核的动力学理论及章动效应

 地球固体内核与其其余部分之间的引力和压力的耦合作用将引起一内力矩,内核通过这一力矩影响岩石圈相对惯性空间的定向.讨论了一个弹性无海洋、球形分层的内核地球章动理论,将内核的作用明确地反映在公式中.并依据Mathews et al的内核地球动力学理论,讨论了归一化章动振幅的Mathews形式和Wahr形式的应用;通过PREM地球模型检测了内核对章动振幅的影响,由此发现本文的结果与Mathews et al的结果存在一定的差异,但都在亚毫角秒量级上影响主要的圆章动项.     

中国古代的34条计时月掩行星资料研究

调研了通过掩星材料研究地球自转长期变化的方法。收集并核查了中国古代34条最长计时单位为"夜"的计时月掩行星资料的日期和天象。通过与现代天文计算结果的比较,得出:(1)32条资料的确发生了掩星,占94%;(2)43%记作某"夜"的掩星实发生于次日晨;(3)资料中计时的平均长度为6.9小时,32条发生掩星资料的测时误差范围在0.04—5.74小时间,平均为1.8小时,月球与行星的最小角距范围在0.°02—0.°92,平均为0.°21;(4)古历建寅但存少数失闰和推步误差;(5)利用该资料做地球自转长期变化研究时,应考察其计时精度,择优取材。     

Improving the accuracy of GRACE Earth's gravitational field using the combination of different inclinations

In this paper,the GRACE Earth's gravitational field complete up to degree and order 120 is recovered based on the combination of different inclinations using the energy conservation principle.The results show that because different inclinations of satellite are sensitive to the geopotential coefficients with different degrees/and orders m.the design of GRACE exploiting 89° inclination can effectively improve the accuracy of geopotential zonal harmonic coefficients.However,it is less sensitive to the geopotential tesseral harmonic coefficients.Accordingly.the second group of GRACE exploiting lower inclination is required to determine high-accurately the geopotential tesseral harmonic coefficients and cover the shortage of the single group of GRACE exploiting 89° inclination.Two groups of GRACE individually exploiting 89° (82°-84°)inclinations are the optimal combination of the Earth'S gravitational field recovery complete up to degree and order 120.In the degree 120,the joint accuracy of cumulative geoid height based on two groups of GRACE individually exploiting 89° and 83° inclinations is averagely two times higher than the accuracy of a group of GRACE exploiting 89° inclination.     

近300年来的地磁场总能量在地球内部的分布及长期变化

 采用Bloxham J. &; Jackson A.模型(BJ)和国际地磁参考场模型(IGRF)从理论上计算并分析了1690年以来地磁场能量在地球内部的分布及长期变化.结果表明,BJ模型和IGRF模型在相同时段内的总能量变化趋势是基本吻合的.近300a来,地核以外和地表以外地磁场总能量变化的总趋势是持续衰减的,但是地表以外的能量衰减速度比地核以外要快约2.5倍.地磁场总能量随谐波阶数n的变化关系中,各年代n=1～8阶的能量变化相对稳定.磁能密度在地球内部的分布是不均匀的.     

岩浆与岩浆岩：地球深部“探针”与演化记录

岩浆是在地下形成的含挥发分的高温粘稠的硅酸盐或碳酸盐熔融体,由岩浆凝固而成的岩石称为岩浆岩或火成岩。用科学的方法来观察和解释它们,它们就不是一堆死气沉沉、枯燥无味的石头,而是一部引人入胜的“无字天书”。地球系统是一个整体,它是由从地心到地表的多个层圈构成的。岩浆是地球各层圈之间相互作用的产物,是地球各层圈之间物质和能量交换的重要使者。研究岩浆作用与岩浆岩有三个方面的意义：①岩浆岩及其所携带的深源岩石包体可以被称作探测地球深部的“探针”（lithoprobe）和“窗口”(window)。②岩浆岩也是板块运动与大地构造事件的记录,通过岩浆岩的研究,可以恢复古板块构造格局,追溯大地构造演化历史。③归根到底,是服务于人类社会对于合理利用资源,改善环境,减轻自然灾害的需求。     

Experimental earth tidal models in considering nearly diurnal free wobble of the Earth''''s liquid core

Based on the 28 series of the high precision and high minute sampling tidal gravity observations at 20 stations in Global Geodynamics Project (GGP) network, the resonant parameters of the Earth's nearly diurnal free wobble (including the eigenperiods, resonant strengths and quality factots) are precisely determined. The discrepancy of the eigenperiod between observed and theoretical values is studied, the important conclusion that the real dynamic ellipticity of the liquid core is about 5% larger than the one under the static equilibrium assumption is approved by using our gravity technique. The experimental Earth's tidal gravity models with considering the nearly diurnal free wobble of the Earth's liquid core are constructed in this study. The numerical results show that the difference among three experimental models is less than 0.1%, and the largest discrepancy compared to those widely used nowdays given by Dehant (1999) and Mathews (2001) is only about 0.4%. It can provide with the most recent real     

冀鲁豫交界地区地气灾害的分析探讨

对冀鲁豫三省交界地区地气灾害的时空分布特征和规律进行了初步分析研究． 指出应进一步探索地气的形成机制，采取综合措施，最大限度地减轻地气灾害造成的损失     

Simulation of the Earth''s gravitational field recovery from GRACE using the energy balance approach

Based on the measurement principles of GRACE satellites, the observation equations are set up using the energy balance approach. The Earth's gravitational field complete up to degree and order 120 is recovered applying the preconditioning conjugate gradient iterative approach by numerical simulation. Assuming an accuracy of 1 μms in range-rate measurements of the K-band microwave ranging system, the matching relationships of accuracies of K-band microwave ranging system, SuperSTAR Accelerometer, position vector and velocity vector measurements are investigated.