鹊肾树心材化学成分研究

从鹊肾树S treblus asp er心材75%乙醇提取物的乙醚萃取物中分离到5个化合物。经过UV、IR、NM R、M S等现代谱学方法鉴定它们的结构分别为二氢槲皮素(Ⅰ),( )-儿茶素(Ⅱ),槲皮素(Ⅲ),β-谷甾醇(Ⅳ),厚朴酚(Ⅴ)。化合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ均首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

五鹤续断部分生物学特性及栽培管理研究

五鹤续断是恩施州最佳道地药材之一．为了深入系统地了解五鹤续断并对其进行开发利用，文章从五鹤续断的形态特征、生活习性、根的内部结构等生物学特性及其种植管理方面进行了基础性的研究．     

The occurrence of facultative paedomorphosis in a lacustrine population of the Pyrenean newt (Calotriton asper): morphology and age structure

Facultative paedomorphosis is a common polyphenism in newts where two alternative phenotypes can coexist: metamorphs and paedomorphs (mature with larval traits, i.e. retaining gills). This phenomenon has been reported in some lacustrine populations of the Pyrenean newt (Calotriton asper). The morphology and life-history traits were studied in a lacustrine population of this species with the occurrence of facultative paedomorphosis. The results showed that 24.3% of adults retained gills at different levels of reabsorption and had a smoother skin compared with the other populations, which were fully metamorphic. The body size and shape showed significant sexual differences, with males being larger than females. The presence of paedomorphic traits also affected the body size and shape, revealing a complex pattern of growth in which metamorphic adults were larger than paedomorphs. The age structure was different between sexes, with a median age of 10.5 and 7 years and longevity of 19 and 14 years in males and females, respectively. Considering each sex separately, the age structure was not significantly different between metamorphic and paedomorphic newts. In addition, metamorphosed and branchiate juveniles were found with a maximum age of 13 and 20 years, respectively. Remarkably, long-lived larvae with an exceptional individual of 18 years were found, which has not previously been reported in any other newt species. The mechanisms that can explain the evolution of paedomorphosis are complex and comprise the interaction of multiple factors related to the cost of reproduction and growth.     

五鹤续断多倍体诱导的初步研究

本研究采用秋水仙素对五鹤续断的萌发种子和幼苗为试验材料来研究五鹤续断多倍体的诱导.结果显示,用0.2%的秋水仙素溶液处理幼苗茎尖42或48 h和0.3%的秋水仙素溶液处理幼苗茎尖36 h的诱导率较高,诱导后植物材料具有明显的多倍体外形特征,是一种可取的诱导方法.     

不同生境条件下续断的光合特性研究

以三个产地不同生境的续断(鹤峰县太平、鱼塘坝高硒区、巴东县绿葱坡)为试材,利用TPS-1便携式光合作用测定系统,对其叶片光合日变化、光响应曲线进行比较研究,运用非直角双曲线模型并结合SPSS软件的非线性回归估算其光合作用参数.结果表明:续断净光合速率日变化为典型的单峰曲线,最高峰值出现在11:00左右.续断光补偿点(LCP)为21.120~66.052μmol/m2s,光饱和点(LSP)为300.793~689.710μmol/m2s,三者有一定差异,其中硒元素富集的恩施鱼塘坝和续断的道地产地鹤峰县太平对光的适应能力较强.     

近红外漫反射光谱法在川续断属植物鉴别中的应用

用近红外漫反射光谱法对川续断和部分川续断属其它植物进行鉴别,为川续断的品种鉴别和质量评价提供一种新的可能的方法和手段.分别对6种川续断属植物的近红外漫反射原始图谱和经过多元散射校正(MSC)和二阶导数(SD)处理后的图谱建立PLSDA模型.快速、准确地鉴别川续断和部分川续断属其它植物,同时不同产地的同种样品也得到了准确的区分.本方法快速.准确,不破坏样品,能用于鉴别川续断和川续断属其它植物.     

马来甜龙竹组培快繁技术研究

本文报导了马来甜龙竹组培快繁的研究结果。试验表明，试管苗茎段在MS BA4．0mg／L的培养基上离体培养，能诱导产生丛生芽，继代周期以45d为佳，增殖倍数可达3．2；茎段平放较插放的效果好；试管苗在1／2MS0培养基上，生根率达90％；按常规方法移栽到沙混表土(1：1)上较易成活。     

续断菊的染色体研究

首次对续断菊进行了染色体数目和核型研究，结果表明：染色体数目为２ｎ＝１８，核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝１８＝１８ｍ，核型属“１Ａ”型。     

恩施续断中含硒化合物体外抗氧化活性分析

以恩施续断为原料,用蒸馏水、0.5 mol/L Na Cl、75%乙醇、0.1 mol/L Nao H四种溶剂对续断中不同种类硒蛋白进行提取.用热水浸提法提取硒多糖,用原子荧光法测定不同提取物中硒元素的含量,分析了续断中硒的赋存形态.并采用邻苯三酚自氧化法测定续断不同提取物清除超氧阴离子(O2-·)的能力,用Fenton法测定其清除羟自由基(·OH)的能力,探究了含硒化合物的抗氧化活性.结果表明:续断中硒的总含量为1.538μg/g,蛋白质、多糖中都赋存一定量的硒;蛋白硒是续断中硒的主要赋存形态.四种溶剂提取物中碱溶性硒蛋白的含量最高,它的含量可达总可溶性蛋白的57.28%.按照相同质量样品中结合硒量的多少,可以得出含硒量:总蛋白硒多糖硒;醇溶性硒蛋白盐溶性硒蛋白碱溶性硒蛋白水溶性硒蛋白.恩施续断中各种含硒化合物都有一定的清除超氧阴离子和羟自由基的能力,且不同溶剂提取物的清除率都不同.其中醇溶性提取物清除超氧自由基的能力最好,碱溶性提取物清除超氧自由基的能力最弱;硒多糖清除羟自由基的能力最强.     

外来植物续断菊的化感作用研究

测定了续断菊(Sonchus asper)丙酮浸提液对棉红腐病菌(Moni liacinerea)菌丝生长的抑制作用及续断菊水浸提液对高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)、白三叶(Trifolium repens)、早熟禾(Poa annua)3种草坪植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.结果显示:续断菊植株丙酮浸...