gp150蛋白对盘基网柄菌发育阶段膜蛋白的影响

用生化抽提细胞质膜蛋白和SDS-梯度聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳等方法比较gp150突变AK127细胞和野生型KAx-3细胞质膜蛋白的结果显示，各发育时期的AK127细胞和KAx-3细胞在含量方面比较恒定的质膜蛋白组分是68 kD，60 kD，54 kD，50 kD，37 kD，34 kD和31 kD条带，它们并不因为AK127细胞缺失gp150分子而有所改变.发育12 h后，蛋白含量变化最为明显的是45 kD，25 kD，20 kD和17 kD蛋白，由于同时期突变细胞的这些蛋白条带含量没什么变化，推测这些条带的变化与gp150分子有密切关系；同时野生型细胞还增加了两条10~12 kD蛋白条带，这些蛋白可能与gp150分子一样在发育中有表达的时间性和空间性，且与细胞信号传递有密切关系.     

Actin-, myosin- and ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis

Endocytosis is a general term that is used to describe the internalization of external and plasma membrane molecules into the cell interior. In fact, several different mechanisms exist for the internalization step of this process. In this review we emphasize the work on the actin-dependent pathways, in particular in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae, because several components of the molecular machinery are identified. In this yeast, the analysis of endocytosis in various mutants reveals a requirement for actin, calmodulin, a type I myosin, as well as a number of other proteins that affect actin dynamics. Some of these proteins have homology to proteins in animal cells that are believed to be involved in endocytosis. In addition, the demonstration that ubiquitination of some cell surface molecules is required for their efficient internalization is described. We compare the actin, myosin and ubiquitin requirements for endocytosis with recent results found studying these processes usingDictyostelium discoideum and animal cells.     

反相高效液相色谱法分析盘基网柄菌对氨基酸的利用

为观察盘基网柄菌(Dictyostelium discoideum)在SIH培养基上对氧基酸的利用情况,以2.4-二硝基氯苯为衍生化试剂,研究了用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)测定氨基酸的方法.在60 min内16种氨基酸达到基线分离,峰面积与氨基酸浓度的线性相关系数为0.992～0.999.对发酵液样品的分析结果表明,盘基网柄菌对赖氨酸的利用最为彻底,发酵后期赖氨酸已被消耗完全.蛋氯酸、色氨酸,精氨酸、组氧酸也较易被盘基网柄菌利用,而对天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、苏氨酸、脯氨酸、缬氨酸的需求不大.这一代谢特点为改进盘基网柄菌培养基组成提供依据.     

盘花垂头菊倍半萜和酚类化合物结构的研究

从盘花垂头菊全草分离出10个化合物,经IR,^1HNMR,^13CNMR,DEPT,FABMS,EIMS等光谱方法分别鉴定为：1β,8－二当归酰氧基－2β－乙酰氧基－3β－羟基－4α－氯－10,11－环氧－没药－7（14）－烯（1）;化合物1的异构体（2）,对羟基甲酸,2－（2′－正十九酰基）－苯乙基酯（3a）;对羟基苯甲酸,2－（2′－正二十一酰基）－苯乙基酯（3b）;对羟基苯甲醛（4）;对羟基苯乙酮（5）;苯甲酸（6）;4－羟基－3,5－二甲氧基苯甲醛（又称丁香醛）（7）;7－甲氧基－6－羟基香豆素（又称异东莨菪素）（8）;乌苏酸（9）,其中1,2,3a和3b是新化合物,其它化合物（4－9）是首次从该属植物中分到的。     

Retrotransposable elements in the Dictyostelium discoideum genome

Repetitive DNA is a major component of any living cell. In eukaryotes retrotransposable elements make up several percent of the genome size, and consequently, retroelements are often identified in experiments aimed at establishing physical maps and whole genome sequences. In this review, recent progress in the characterization of retrotransposable elements in the genome of the eukaryotic mi croorganism Dictyostelium discoideum is summarized with a focus on retroelements which integrate near transfer RNA genes with intriguing position specificity. Received 21 November 1997; received after revision 6 January 1998; accepted 6 January 1998     

Effect of internal deletion of Myosin II on growth and development ofDictyostelium discoideum

Four deletion mutantDictyostelium myosin II heavy chain genes, MyΔ824-941 (Δ1/ 3S2), MyΔ934-1454 (ΔS2), MyΔ934-1194 (ΔS2-1) and MyΔ1 157–1454 (ΔS2-2), were transformed by standard electfoporation into mhcA-cells (T-null), a mutantDictyostelium cell devoid of endogenous myosin II heavy chain gene. The growth, development and formation of fruiting bodies of cells expressing those mutant myosin II s under suspension culture were investigated by comparison with the wild type cell. The results indicate that internal deletion of myosin II affeds the growth and development ofDictyastelium. Furthermore, the longer the length of deletion, the more serious the defect in phenotype.     

Endocytosis and inositol hexakisphosphate levels inras transformants ofDictyostelium discoideum amoebae

Summary Fluid-phase pinocytosis kinetics and lysosomal enzyme secretion parameters were measured inDictyostelium discoideum amoebae constructed from strain AX3 by transformation with a multicopy plasmid carrying either a normalras gene (ras-Gly12), a mutatedras gene (ras-Thr12) or by the vector carrying the geneticin resistance gene only (pDNEO2). It was found that the pinocytosis rate and extent as well as the lysosomal enzyme secretion were slightly different in the three strains. These changes, however, were related to minor modifications of the cellular volumes. The overall concentration of inositol hexakisphosphate was similar in the three strains.This work was supported in part by a grant from the Ligue Nationale Française contre le Cancer (n^o 880258) to MS, and by a grant from the Fonds National Suisse de la Recherche Scientifique (No. 3.623-087) to CR.     

Dictyostelium mobile elements: strategies to amplify in a compact genome

Dictyostelium discoideum is a eukaryotic microorganism that is attractive for the study of fundamental biological phenomena such as cell-cell communication, formation of multicellularity, cell differentiation and morphogenesis. Large-scale sequencing of the D. discoideum genome has provided new insights into evolutionary strategies evolved by transposable elements (TEs) to settle in compact microbial genomes and to maintain active populations over evolutionary time. The high gene density (about 1 gene/2.6 kb) of the D. discoideum genome leaves limited space for selfish molecular invaders to move and amplify without causing deleterious mutations that eradicate their host. Targeting of transfer RNA (tRNA) gene loci appears to be a generally successful strategy for TEs residing in compact genomes to insert away from coding regions. In D. discoideum, tRNA gene-targeted retrotransposition has evolved independently at least three times by both non-long termina l repeat (LTR) retrotransposons and retrovirus-like LTR retrotransposons. Unlike the nonspecifically inserting D. discoideum TEs, which have a strong tendency to insert into preexisting TE copies and form large and complex clusters near the ends of chromosomes, the tRNA gene-targeted retrotransposons have managed to occupy 75% of the tRNA gene loci spread on chromosome 2 and represent 80% of the TEs recognized on the assembled central 6.5-Mb part of chromosome 2. In this review we update the available information about D. discoideum TEs which emerges both from previous work and current large-scale genome sequencing, with special emphasis on the fact that tRNA genes are principal determinants of retrotransposon insertions into the D. discoideum genome. Received 10 May 2002; received after revision 10 June 2002; accepted 12 June 2002 RID="*" ID="*"Corresponding author.     

盘基网柄菌柄细胞分化过程中gp150 分子的作用

饥饿的盘基网柄菌进入多细胞发育期后,在细胞疏松结合阶段,gp150分子分布在多细胞体外周;在蛞蝓体阶段,gp150分子把蛞蝓体分成前孢子细胞区和前柄细胞区两个部分,在分化成柄细胞的区域内gp150分子的量逐渐增多.实验结果表明gp150分子与柄细胞分化有密切关系.