青海湖旅游区生命周期问题探讨

本文立足青海实际，在分析影响青海湖旅游区生命周期的诸因素基础上，提出了延长该区旅游生命周期的具体措施。     

High precision topographic data on Lop Nor basin's Lake "Great Ear" ? and the timing of its becoming a dry salt lake

High precision elevation measurements using DGPS were carried out along three representative tran- sects for the "Great Ear" area, a dry salt lake within the Lop Nor basin. Results indicate that the Lop Nor basin is only 5.2 m deep and its lowest point occurs at the center of the "Great Ear". In addition, the basin is asymmetric - steeper in the southwest (0.19‰) and gentler in the northeast (0.09‰). Points along the same "Great Ear" ring were found to have an identical elevation value, but different when from different ones (lower towards the center). The spacing of the "Great Ear" rings was found to be closely related with the surface steepness. The closer the "Great Ear" rings are spaced, the steeper the ground surface, and vice versa. These findings support the argument that the "Great Ear" rings are the former shoreline trails left behind by Lop Nor water during the last few episodes of recession towards its total dry up. A comprehensive analysis of the high precision elevation data, historical accounts, aerial and satellite photographs and imagery, and official topographic maps of the study area suggests that the "Great Ear" area in the Lop Nor basin was incorrectly mapped as being covered by a great body of water on the 1963 topographic maps. A re-interpretation of the 1958 aerial photographs and newer remote sensing imagery indicated that the "Great Ear" ring structure was already in place in 1958 and it continued to appear on the subsequent remote sensing data without any major changes. It is estimated that lake water in the "Great Ear" area of the Lop Nor basin disappeared between the late 1930s and early 1940s.     

The Challenging Topics and Future Directions of the Research in Limnology and Watershed Sciences

Based on reviewing the problems in limnology and watershed sciences in meeting the national demands and the development of theories and methodology, this paper proposed some challenging topics to the sciences, covering the process of lake evolution and the quantitative analysis of human impacts, in -lake nutrient cycling an biogeo-chemical process, the process and mechanisms of material flow in lake-watershed system, digital watershed and the modeling of the surface process of lake -watershed, and ecosystem health and scientific management of lake-watershed.     

杨庄煤矿塌陷湖水资源勘查计算

通过对塌陷湖的实地勘查,运用水均衡原理,计算出该湖可供开采的水资源,认为该塌陷湖可作为淮北市供水后备水源地之一。     

美东地区罗德河流域地下水中铝形态分布的化学平衡模式计算

美东地区的罗德河流域遭受着严重的酸沉降侵蚀．在酸性条件下,铝从土壤中大量溶解并迁移到水环境中．地表水中升高的铝浓度对鱼类产生毒害,监测地表水和土壤水中的铝形态及浓度变化已成为问题的关键．本文报导了用化学平衡模式计算法分析美东地区罗德河流域地下水中的铝形态分布,获得了有价值的结论     

滇池水-沉积物界面氮分布特点及其对控制蓝藻水华的意义

 造成水体富营养化的污染源可以分为外源和内源,当湖泊的外源得到控制以后,内源营养盐的释放仍然可以发生富营养化,甚至爆发藻类水华.研究营养物质在水-沉积物界面的地球化学行为,对于控制水体富营养化和水华爆发具有重要意义.以滇池为研究对象,测定了间隙水和上覆水中总氮(TN)、氨态氮(NH₄⁺-N)、硝态氮(NO₃^--N)和有机氮(ON)的质量浓度.结果表明:①无论在草海还是外海,间隙水中TN,NH₄⁺-N及ON质量浓度均高于上覆水,说明底泥中的氮元素有向水体中扩散的趋势;②草海上覆水及间隙水中TN,NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N质量浓度均高于外海,其受污染的程度比外海高.研究揭示了滇池底泥中氮分布区域和垂直变化特征,阐明了内源氮负荷在湖泊富营养化中所起的作用.     

南四湖流域环境地质问题及其治理对策

南四湖流域的各种环境地质问题较突出，如水体污染、矿山环境地质灾害、地下水环境异常、南四湖淤积、地方病等。对流域环境地质问题的治理应综合考虑各种影响因素，建立完善的环境管理体制，增大环境治理投资比例，加强环境治理力度。     

Holocene lake deposits of Bosten Lake, southern Xinjiang, China

A 9.25-m-long sediment core from Bosten Lake,Xinjiang, provides detailed information about changes in the water budget and biological acticity over the last 8400 cal-endar years. The chronology is constructed from six AMS radiocarbon dates on the terrestrial plant remains. Based onanalyses of TOC, CO3, detrital compounds and biogenic SiO2,lake level fluctuations and periods of remarkably-negative water budget appeared at 8.4-8.2 cal ka, 7.38-7.25 cal ka,5.7-5.5 cal ka, 3.7-3.4 cal ka and 3.3-2.9 cal ka, respec-tively. As they are in-phase with low lake levels at Sumxl Co and Bangong Co in western Tibet Plateau and with paleo-lakes in Inner Mongolia, a climate-induced change to some-what drier and warmer conditions is inferred. A further drop in lake level after 1320 AD of about 200 yr duration may heattributed to a negative water balance prior to the main phase of the Little Ice Age. Deep and stable lake phases of 1500 yr and 1800 yr duration at 7.2-5.7 cal ka and 5.5-3.7cal ka coincide with maximum moisture during the Holocene Megathermai in China. The long term trend towards aridity since about 4.3 cal ka can dearly be recognised. The reduced water budget of Bosten Lake from 640-1200 AD may be attributed to local effects.     

鄱阳湖流域综合规划与管理技术

从80年代开始实施的江西省山江湖工程是一项针对鄱阳湖流域可持续发展的流域综合管理工程。本文回顾了山江湖工程l0多年来实施流域管理战略的过程，分析了鄱阳湖流域生态系统恢复的发展阶段和新时期流域综合规划和管理的战略思想，同时提出了建立鄱阳湖综合流域管理信息共享平台和一种对流域生境进行制图以及对景观生态系统进行建模的综合评价方法。     

鄱阳湖湿地保护与区域可持续发展

鄱阳湖区有十分丰富的湿地资源，是我国重要的温地之一。有效保护和合理利用这一重要资源，对振兴湖区经济保护区域生态环境和实施可持续发展战略有十分重要的意义。本文通过分析鄱阳湖湿地资源特点，以生态经济战略为指导思想，着重探讨了保护和合理利用这一资源的发展思路和措施等，提出了鄱阳湖区实施可持续发展的几点建议。