单细胞凝胶电泳技术检测甲醛对人肝癌细胞HepG2的遗传毒性效应

为了探讨甲醛对人肝癌细胞HepG2的遗传毒性效应,该实验以体外培养的HepG2细胞作为实验材料,运用单细胞凝胶电泳（SCGE）技术分析不同浓度甲醛处理2 h后HepG2细胞DNA损伤效应.结果显示,低浓度（5,25μmol/L）甲醛处理后HepG2细胞尾部DNA百分率（tail DNA%）及彗星状拖尾（comet tail）尾长显著增加,并呈剂量-效应依赖性关系,说明低浓度甲醛具有致HepG2细胞DNA链断裂（DNA strand breakages）作用;而较高浓度（125,625μmol/L）甲醛处理后HepG2细胞尾部DNA百分率及彗星状拖尾尾长则以剂量依赖性方式显著降低,提示较高浓度甲醛具有致HepG2细胞DNA-蛋白质交联物（DNA-protein cross-links,DPXs）形成作用.     

The identification of chemical intermediates in enzyme catalysis by the rapid quench-flow technique

Traditionally, enzyme transient kinetics have been studied by the stopped-flow and rapid quench-flow (QF) methods. Whereas stopped-flow is the more convenient, it suffers from two weaknesses: optically silent systems cannot be studied, and when there is a signal it cannot always be assigned to a particular step in the reaction pathway. QF is a chemical sampling method; reaction mixtures are aged for a few milliseconds or longer, ‘stopped’ by a quenching agent and the product or the intermediate is measured by a specific analytical method. Here we show that by exploiting the array of current analytical methods and different quenching agents, the QF method is a key technique for identifying, and for characterising kinetically, intermediates in enzyme reaction pathways and for determining the order by which bonds are formed or cleaved by enzymes acting on polymer substrates such as DNA. Received 24 May 2006; received after revision: 3 July 2006; accepted 19 July 2006     

DNA-蛋白质交联在甲醛遗传毒性研究中的进展

甲醛广泛应用于工商业各个领域。DNA-蛋白质交联（DNA．protein Cross-links，DPC）是环境理化因素对生物大分子物质的一种重要遗传损害。众多学者就DPC作为甲醛暴露和效应的生物标志物进行了研究。综述了甲醛暴露形成DPC的部位、机制、检测方法、意义及新进展。