影响胡萝卜中滴滴涕及其代谢物生物有效性的因素

采用基于生理学的体外实验,通过模拟人体的胃和小肠环境,研究胃液pH值、胃肠中的主要消化酶对胡萝卜中滴滴涕及其代谢物(总称DDTs)生物有效性的影响及DDTs在胃肠消化液和胡萝卜基质之间的分配.结果表明:胃液pH值对DDTs的生物有效性有较大影响,在pH值为2.15时,达到最大值;在实验范围内,胃蛋白酶、胆汁盐和胰酶的浓度增大对DDTs的生物有效性没有显著影响.p, p′-DDE,p, p′-DDD和p,p′-DDT在胃和小肠中的生物有效性分别为12.4%,10.9%,10.8%和34.2%,29.1%,32.3%.DDTs在胃肠消化液和基质之间的分配表明,在消化过程中DDTs在胃肠溶液中的浓度没有达到饱和状态,在胃液和胡萝卜中的分配系数分别为0.14,0.14和0.13,在小肠液和胡萝卜中分别为0.67,0.54和0.66.     

厦门－金门海域表层沉积物中HCHs、DDTs和PCBs的含量与分布

１９９５年１０月对厦门－金门海域表层沉积物中的有机氯农药（ＨＣＨｓ和ＤＤＴｓ）及多氯联苯（ＰＣＢｓ）的含量与分布进行调查研究．ＨＣＨｓ、ＤＤＴｓ和ＰＣＢｓ的含量范围分别为０．０３～０．４８ｎｇ／ｇ、２．９７～９．１６ｎｇ／ｇ和０．０２～０．１１ｎｇ／ｇ．对其分布形式、残留水平以及组成等进行了评价与探讨．结果表明，厦门－金门海域基本上未受到ＨＣＨｓ和ＰＣＢｓ的污染，只受到ＤＤＴ的轻度污染．但是，ＤＤＴ近期仍有输入，新的污染源尚未根除．     

Feasibility of poplar foliages as bio-monitors for organochlorine pesticides in air

The feasibility of poplar (P. tomentosa) foliages as passive biomonitors for organochlorine pesticides in air was explored. The accumulation patterns of poplar foliages for HCHs, DDTs and HCB were similar, the amount of HCHs, DDTs and HCB increased with foliage growth in spring, and decreased thereafter. There was no obvious distinction in the accumulation styles between the adult leaf and the leaf-litter. This accumulation pattern is likely related to the growing process of the poplar foliage, and was observed for the first time in our work, giving an evidence for the “bud burst effect” in plants. The technical HCH and DDT were used largely in history and not used in recent years, but there was a little usage of lindane and new input of o,p’-DDT in recent years, and dicofol usage may be the main source of o,p’-DDT. Concentrations of HCHs, DDTs and HCB in poplar foliages were similar to those in pine needles at the corresponding period, and there is a positive strong correlation between OCP concentration data of two kinds of trees. It presents no difference in the accumulation style between two kinds of trees. The level of OCPs in the poplar foliage reflected the pollution status of OCPs in air. The result of this work showed that the poplar foliage can be used as the bio-monitor of OCPs in air. Supported by the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China (Grant No. 2003CB415003)     

有机氯农药污染场地的健康风险评价

以某农药污染场地为评价对象,经2次布点采样,土壤样品分析结果与美国EPA通用土壤筛选基准(SSLs)对比确认该场地土壤主要受到六六六(HCHs)(α-HCH,β-HCH,γ-HCH,δ-HCH)、滴滴涕(DDT)、滴滴伊(DDE)和滴滴滴(DDD)有机氯农药(OCPs)的污染,并且HCHs的残留量为从低于0.01mg/kg到508mg/kg,DDTs残留水平为从低于0.01mg/kg到390mg/kg.HCHs的残留水平要高于DDTs.β-HCH和DDD为优势污染物.该场地地下水样品分析结果表明地下水没有受到OCPs的污染.使用RBCAtool kit 2.5软件进行健康风险的计算,得出95%置信上限浓度对应的人体健康风险值.计算结果表明该场地有机氯农药的单一致癌风险值超过了1×10-6,并且表层污染物累加致癌风险值超过了1×10-4.     

北海近岸海域表层沉积物中DDTs、PCBs的分布、来源与生态风险分析

为评价广西北海市近岸海域表层沉积物中滴滴涕(DDTs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)的生态风险水平,于2017年8月使用挖斗式采泥器采集北海市近岸海域17个站点的表层沉积物样品,采用气相色谱法测定样品中DDTs(pp′-DDE、op′-DDT、pp′-DDD、pp′-DDT)和PCBs(三氯联苯PCB28,四氯联苯PCB52,五氯联苯PCB101、PCB112、PCB118,六氯联苯PCB138、PCB152、PCB153,七氯联苯PCB180和八氯联苯PCB198)的含量,分析其组分特征,并对沉积物中DDTs和PCBs进行生态风险评价。结果表明:北海近岸海域表层沉积物中持久性有机污染物(Persistent Organic Pollutants,POPs)平均含量(ng·g-1,干重)为PCBs(3.08)DDTs(0.89);污染物等值线图表明近岸海域表层沉积物中的DDTs、PCBs含量高于远岸海域,DDTs含量高值区主要在北海港泊位及营盘港海域,PCBs含量高值区主要在北海港泊位、营盘海域及铁山港湾口海域。DDTs 4种同系物平均百分含量排序为pp′-DDE(46.4%)pp′-DDT(21.8%)op′-DDT(20.5%)pp′-DDD(11.3%),pp′-DDE为沉积物DDTs中的主要成分;五氯联苯PCB101和七氯联苯PCB180为沉积物中PCBs的主要成分;所有站位中DDTs、PCBs的含量平均值均低于一类标准(GB18668-2002),污染程度总体较轻;有17.6%的站位DDTs含量介于生态风险效应区间低值(Effects Range Low,ERL)和生态风险效应区间中值(Effects Range Median,ERM)间。北海市近岸海域表层沉积物中DDTs、PCBs残留水平生态风险总体较低。