确定楔形式手性分子构型的简易方法

在判别手性分子的R,S构型时,对于用楔形式表示的手性分子若最小基位于楔形虚线上,在纸平面上操作所得结果与实际构型一致;若最小基位于楔形实线上则所得结果与实际构型相反．这是因为前者操作者所在位置与IUPAC规定位置一致,而后者操作者与规定位置的观察者相面对．这一方法具有准确,方便和快捷等优点．     

楔形滑块机构在断绳安全装置中的应用

针对钢丝绳式货用施工升降机断绳安全装置的有效性与可靠性的要求 ,介绍一种楔形滑块机构 ,利用摩擦及机械自锁的方法 ,得出了相应的自锁条件公式 ,并对该机构的选材及结构尺寸进行了设计。模拟断绳试验表明 ,该机构应用在断绳安全装置中 ,改变了插块式断绳安全装置的功能缺陷 ,在升降机的制动方面 ,完全可靠、有效 ,并且对机体本身无任何损坏及永久变形。     

混凝土局部受压承载力计算方法浅析

作者根据混凝土及钢筋混凝土局部承压大量试验研究提出局压破坏形态、楔劈理论;建立局压抗裂度和承载力计算方法、计算底面积Ab取值准则。     

A consideration of Babylonian astronomy within the historiography of science

This paper traces the reception of Babylonian astronomy into the history of science, beginning in early to mid twentieth century when cuneiform astronomical sources became available to the scholarly public. The dominant positivism in philosophy of science of this time influenced criteria employed in defining and demarcating science by historians, resulting in a persistently negative assessment of the nature of knowledge evidenced in cuneiform sources. Ancient Near Eastern astronomy (and astrology) was deemed pre- or non-scientific, and even taken to reflect a stage in the evolution of thought before the emergence of science (in ancient Greece). Two principal objections are examined: first, that the Near East produced merely practical as opposed to theoretical knowledge and, second, that astronomy was in the service of astrology and religion. As the notion of a universal scientific method has been dismantled by post-positivists and constructivists of the second half of the twentieth century, an interest in varieties of intellectual and cultural contexts for science has provided a new ground for the re-consideration of Babylonian astronomical texts as science developed here.