太平洋牡蛎面盘幼虫的压力反应研究

在正常大气压下,太平洋牡蛎面盘幼虫的游泳较为舒缓,压力提高时,表现为快速的直线运动或螺径小而螺距大的螺旋运动,并出现更频繁的下沉行为,表明幼虫的紧张度已提高。幼虫的压力敏感性随着幼虫的发育而逐渐降低,至13日龄壳顶面盘幼虫后期就消失,当9日龄壳顶面盘幼虫经过低压的一段时间适应后,在更高压力下已很难产生向上运动,利于幼虫逐步朝向水层下方移动。此外,该种幼虫的压力反应还存在着明显的“滞后”现象,其适应意义可能在于扩大幼虫的垂直分布区域。     

香港巨牡蛎对不同密度2种浮游植物的摄食研究

【目的】探索大规模贝类养殖活动对养殖水体中不同密度和种类浮游植物的摄食差异和影响因素,为香港巨牡蛎滤食能力、控藻水平以及科学评估其养殖容量、生态影响的研究提供依据。【方法】在室内条件下研究大、中、小3种不同规格的香港巨牡蛎对不同密度的牟氏角毛藻、球等鞭金藻的清滤率和摄食率。【结果】在28℃水温和24‰盐度的实验条件下,香港巨牡蛎对牟氏角毛藻的单位个体清滤率和单位体重清滤率分别为1.29～5.49L·ind~(-1)·h~(-1)和0.62～1.84L·g~(-1)·h~(-1),对球等鞭金藻的单位个体清滤率和单位体重清滤率分别为2.58～8.40L·ind~(-1)·h~(-1)和1.18～3.17L·g~(-1)·h~(-1),香港巨牡蛎对牟氏角毛藻的清滤率及摄食率均低于球等鞭金藻。香港巨牡蛎单位个体清滤率和摄食率均表现出大规格中规格小规格的趋势,即单位个体的清滤率和摄食率随着贝类个体增大而增加。香港巨牡蛎对不同密度球等鞭金藻的单位体重清滤率和摄食率都随着个体增大而降低,但其对不同密度牟氏角毛藻的单位体重清滤率和摄食率随着个体大小的变化规律不一致。随着浮游植物密度的增加,香港巨牡蛎单位体重清滤率呈现出先升后降的趋势,在中等密度条件下香港巨牡蛎具有较高的单位体重清滤率。【结论】香港巨牡蛎的清滤率和摄食率除受牡蛎个体大小和浮游植物密度影响之外,还与浮游植物的种类、大小、营养质量等因子密切相关。     

洱海周边福寿螺分布调查

初步对洱海周边水域及罗时江、弥苴河、永安江三条河进行福寿螺分布调查.结果:洱海周边水域均有福寿螺分布,其中茈碧湖和西湖分布密度最大,江尾、沙坪、海东、双廊、挖色和上关水域次之;大理、喜洲、下关、湾桥和银桥水域有少许分布;洱海东侧的河道、水沟等浅水区域是多发地段.三条河福寿螺分布最多的为永安江,其次是罗时江,弥苴河未发现其分布.     

速灭杀丁对中华稻蝗毒力和遗传毒性研究

采用喷雾法和注射法分别测定了速灭杀丁对中华稻蝗成虫的毒力,结果表明：胃毒ＬＣ５０为２．６８μｇ／ｍｌ,ＬＣ９０为１６．１１μｇ／ｍｌ,毒力回归方程为ｙ＝４．２９８２＋１．６４１６ｘ,相关系数ｒ＝０．９６８６;注射毒性ＬＣ５０为０．１３μｇ／ｍｌ,ＬＣ９０为０．８６μｇ／ｍｌ,毒力回归方程为ｙ＝３．２４４７＋１．５６７７ｘ,相关系数ｒ＝０．９８０６。同时观察了注射药剂及蒸馏水对照２４ｈ,４８ｈ后细胞分裂各期染色体的形态特征,结果未发现有明显的染色体畸变现象。     

福寿螺的人工养殖

这篇文章是关于福寿螺的人工养殖。我们对它的繁殖习性和饲养方法进行了研究,结果表明它具有生命周期短,容易饲养的特点,是优良的食品和动物性饲料的添加剂,具有推广的价值。     

Sequence variability of fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs) in Crassostrea gigas

Fibrinogen-related proteins(FREPs) are lectins with at least a fibrinogen-like domain.They are widespread in Mollusca and play an important role as immune pattern-recognition receptors.These diverse molecules provide interesting models for the study of the evolution of innate immunity.Although oysters are among the most studied mollusks,there have been few investigations of this gene family in oysters.This paper reports the cloning of the first oyster FREP,named CgFREP,from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas.Five types of FREP(CgFREP-1 to CgFREP-5) were obtained based on a single pair of primers,confirming their high diversity.The proteins deduced from these FREPs contained 253-363 amino acids and were divided into three subfamilies based on sequence identities(cutoff point <86%).The topological structure of the phylogenetic tree showed the five CgFREPs clustered together and were completely separated from the subgroup of FREPs obtained from Biomphalaria glabrata(BgFREPs).This implies that FREP diversity evolved before the BgFREPs branched off.An interesting aspect of the CgFREPs was their individual hypermutation.Ninety-three SNPs and five indels were characterized among CgFREPs.Some mutations(e.g.an insertion in CgFREP-5) could cause premature translation termination.Multiple alignments suggest recombination events might have occurred during exchanges between alleles,or by somatic diversification,or both.Individual sequence variability parallels the extraordinary complexity of the innate immune system,suggesting a potential capacity to recognize and eliminate many kinds of pathogens,even in a primitive system.The diversity of immune pattern-recognition receptors may offer an alternative strategy that functions in the absence of highly specific immune globulins,which only emerged in vertebrates.     

太平洋牡蛎肌肉蛋白的模拟胃肠液消化研究

采用美国药典提供的模拟胃液、肠液配方,通过十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)和免疫印迹法(Western blot),分析了太平洋牡蛎肌肉过敏蛋白和非过敏蛋白在体外模拟胃液、肠液消化稳定性的差异.结果表明:在模拟胃液中,非过敏蛋白均能被胃蛋白酶快速降解,而主要过敏蛋白原肌球蛋白在60 min时仍未被...     

性比,饲料和密度因子对福寿螺产量的影响

用正交试验法研究了性比、饲料和投放密度三因子对福寿螺产量的影响。结果表明,以饲养雌螺、投喂混合饲料(满江红或紫贝浮萍加麸)和每亩投放10万幼螺的组合最好。还讨论了水生植物作为福寿螺饲料的优点和实现福寿螺单性生产的问题。     

A new lysozyme from the eastern oyster (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Crassostrea virginica</Emphasis>) indicates adaptive evolution of <Emphasis Type="Italic">i</Emphasis>-type lysozymes

A new lysozyme (cv-lysozyme 2) with a MALDI molecular mass of 12 984.6 Da was purified from crystalline styles and digestive glands of eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and its cDNA sequenced. Quantitative real time RT-PCR detected cv-lysozyme 2 gene expression primarily in digestive gland tissues, and in situ hybridization located cv-lysozyme 2 gene expression in basophil cells of digestive tubules. Cv-lysozyme 2 showed high amino acid sequence similarity to other bivalve mollusk lysozymes, including cv-lysozyme 1, a lysozyme recently purified from C. virginica plasma. Differences between cv-lysozyme 2 and cv-lysozyme 1 molecular characteristics, enzymatic properties, antibacterial activities, distribution in the oyster body and site of gene expression indicate that the main role of cv-lysozyme 2 is in digestion. While showing that a bivalve mollusk employs different lysozymes for different functions, findings in this study suggest adaptive evolution of i type lysozymes for nutrition. Received 30 August 2006; received after revision 14 October 2006; accepted 6 November 2006     

大瓶螺精子发生的超微结构研究

用透射电镜研究了大瓶螺精子发生中精原细胞,初级精母细胞,次级精母细胞,精细胞,精子超微结构特点及精细胞变态为精子的过程,成熟精子由头部和尾鞭两部分组成,头部包括顶体复合物和核,尾鞭可分为中段和尾段,中段有线粒体鞘螺旋围绕在轴丝外面,尾鞭中心的轴丝具9＋2微管结构。