团簇Co3FeP异构化反应的热力学与动力学研究

为了寻找团簇Co₃FeP的稳定性、结构和内部作用力等规律，利用密度泛函理论，在B3LYP/Lanl2dz的量化水平下对团簇Co₃FeP进行理论计算，得到5种优化构型，并从化学反应热力学与动力学的角度对其异构化反应中的反应物、过渡态和生成物进行了讨论分析。结果表明，所有构型均为C1对称且构型的空间结构对其熵值有影响；构型的稳定性主要由金属原子与非金属原子所决定，并且在常温常压下构型1^（3）、2^（3）和3^（3）可以稳定存在，是大部分异构化反应的最终产物。因此，在实际材料的开发中，不仅需要注意金属原子与非金属原子之间的作用力以确保构型的稳定性，还应首先考虑对稳定构型1^（3）、2^（3）和3^（3）进行相关研究。     

基于40Cr高温动态力学性能的磨削表面动态再结晶行为

通过分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)实验得到了40Cr合金钢在高温高应变率下真应力-真应变曲线，据此确定了材料发生动态再结晶的临界条件.采用解析法和实验法分别求解了磨削强化层的温度场和塑性应变场分布.结果表明，磨削强化层在磨削深度方向具有较大的温度和塑性应变梯度;150μm强化层内会发生奥氏体转变;磨削表面最高温度可达1060℃.在磨削亚表面60μm内会产生剧烈的塑性变形，达到了再结晶的临界条件.较大的磨削深度使磨削强化层塑性应变增大，再结晶现象越充分，微观组织细化程度越高.     

String theory,Einstein, and the identity of physics: Theory assessment in absence of the empirical

String theorists are certain that they are practicing physicists. Yet, some of their recent critics deny this. This paper argues that this conflict is really about who holds authority in making rational judgment in theoretical physics. At bottom, the conflict centers on the question: who is a proper physicist? To illustrate and understand the differing opinions about proper practice and identity, we discuss different appreciations of epistemic virtues and explanation among string theorists and their critics, and how these have been sourced in accounts of Einstein's biography. Just as Einstein is claimed by both sides, historiography offers examples of both successful and unsuccessful non-empirical science. History of science also teaches that times of conflict are often times of innovation, in which novel scholarly identities may come into being. At the same time, since the contributions of Thomas Kuhn historians have developed a critical attitude towards formal attempts and methodological recipes for epistemic demarcation and justification of scientific practice. These are now, however, being considered in the debate on non-empirical physics.     

基于学业成绩的师范生教师资格获得预警研究

本研究指出,教师资格考试是我国教师准入管理制度的重要环节,师范生教师资格证的获得是师范生职业发展的第一道门槛.本研究通过建立教师资格证考试内容与大学学科课程的对应关系,采用基于密度的离群点检测算法模型,以数学与应用专业学生的课程成绩为实验样本进行数据挖掘分析,识别学业危机学生.研究结果表明,该预警方法可以识别出教师资格获得危机学生,引起学生对教师资格证考试备考的重视,为教师提供预警干预学生的依据,有利于教师精准施教.该预警方法对离群特征显著的学生预测可达到100％,对离群特征不明显的学生识别率较低,算法有待修正.     

基于差异信息量的多源数据融合方法

D-S证据理论可应用于多源数据融合领域，但在处理高度冲突的证据时，可能会出现反直觉的结果.为解决这一问题，本文提出了差异信息量的概念及融合方法.首先，通过信息熵表明证据的相对重要性，采用散度获取证据可信度.然后利用证据可信度优化证据差异度以得到差异信息量，经过计算获取数据的最终权重，并将其作为D-S证据理论中的基本概率分配进行决策.在处理冲突证据、一致证据及不同数量证据等方面的数据融合问题时与其他方法对比，所提方法收敛更快，准确度更高.故障诊断的应用实例表明，所提方法的不确定性更小，优于现存的其他方法.     

Digging with ‘hands’: observations of food capture in the flying gurnard Dactylopterus volitans (Linnaeus, 1758)

ABSTRACT

Videofilms of a foraging flying gurnard (Dactylopterus volitans) were collected at Itaipu, Niterói, RJ, Brazil. Analysis revealed details of the use of anterior parts of the pectoral fins which act as digging ‘hands’ to access infaunal prey items that are subsequently captured by oral suction feeding. Each pectoral fin has two distinct sections articulated separately on the pectoral girdle. The digging ‘anterior pectoral fin’ mainly consists of segmented and flexible fin rays but has an anterior robust unsegmented ray that provides an edge to the ‘hand’, allowing penetration of the substratum. The huge ‘posterior pectoral fins’ are supported by unsegmented rays. Most digging episodes involved one ‘hand’ and consisted of 1–7 cycles of movement with frequencies 1.15–3.74 cycles s^?1. During a cycle, the ‘hand’ is moved forwards and medially above the substratum, then is twisted medially and simultaneously depressed so that the anterior unsegmented ray impacts and enters the substratum. The hand is then drawn backwards and laterally to disturb the substratum. To prevent upward pitching of the head during digging, the ‘posterior pectoral fins’ are both moved anteriorly and laterally to shift the centre of gravity forwards while the caudal and ?second dorsal fins continue to provide propulsive force.     

砂岩在西湖凹陷花港组交互式盖层中的作用初探

西湖凹陷花港组盖层具有砂泥岩交互式发育特征，而与泥岩伴生的砂岩类盖层的油气封闭作用研究较少。采用岩芯、镜下观察及压汞等分析方法，对砂泥岩交互式盖层中的砂岩特征进行了分析。结果表明，盖层中的砂岩可作为有效盖层，砂岩类盖层早期受沉积环境控制，含有较多的泥质而导致早期压实作用较强，加之晚期的黏土矿物转换及胶结物的发育，具备形成良好盖层的条件。在不同地区进行砂岩盖层有效性研究时应以沉积环境为基础，针对不同类型的砂岩进行成岩作用研究，并针对不同类型的砂岩样品进行实验分析以明确砂岩盖层的有效性。     

变化海流环境下AUV能量最优三维路径规划

为获取变化海流环境下自主水下航行器(autonomous underwater vehicle, AUV)的能量最优路径, 基于最优控制理论提出一种用于AUV的三维能量最优路径规划算法。首先, 为了有效抑制海流对路径规划的影响, 将海流向量加入到AUV运动学模型中。其次, 在已知俯仰角及AUV位置的情况下, 利用庞特里亚金极小值原理, 获得能量最优控制律。最后, 利用线性定常系统的状态空间理论, 计算得到初始艏向角、航速以及能量消耗。在仿真环节, 通过与负反馈控制策略相比较, 说明所提算法能够规划出三维能量最优路径, 而且可以有效降低AUV的能量消耗。     

温度和机械载荷联合作用下油田超深井中硬质涂层膨胀锥与套管的屈服挤毁压强及试验验证

在充分考虑温度载荷、机械载荷、硬质涂层膨胀锥硬度、套管硬度对膨胀锥与套管之间屈服挤毁压强影响的基础上,根据分形理论和接触力学推导出膨胀锥与套管之间屈服挤毁压强的计算公式.数值分析表明:膨胀锥与套管之间的屈服挤毁压强随最终温度、分形粗糙度、线膨胀系数、硬质涂层膨胀锥布氏硬度、中间主应力系数、套管壁厚的增大而增大;当分形维数从1增大时,膨胀锥与套管之间的屈服挤毁压强随分形维数的增大而减小;当分形维数增大到接近于2时,膨胀锥与套管之间的屈服挤毁压强随分形维数的增大而增大;随拉压强度比的增大,膨胀锥与套管之间的屈服挤毁压强减小.屈服挤毁压强的计算值与试验测试值之间的相对误差为-8.9253%～-0.9901%.