Solving Non-Uniqueness in Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering Using Multidendrograms

In agglomerative hierarchical clustering, pair-group methods suffer from a problem of non-uniqueness when two or more distances between different clusters coincide during the amalgamation process. The traditional approach for solving this drawback has been to take any arbitrary criterion in order to break ties between distances, which results in different hierarchical classifications depending on the criterion followed. In this article we propose a variable-group algorithm that consists in grouping more than two clusters at the same time when ties occur. We give a tree representation for the results of the algorithm, which we call a multidendrogram, as well as a generalization of the Lance andWilliams’ formula which enables the implementation of the algorithm in a recursive way. The authors thank A. Arenas for discussion and helpful comments. This work was partially supported by DGES of the Spanish Government Project No. FIS2006–13321–C02–02 and by a grant of Universitat Rovira i Virgili.     

Clustering the rows and columns of a contingency table

A number of ways of investigating heterogeneity in a two-way contingency table are reviewed. In particular, we consider chi-square decompositions of the Pearson chi-square statistic with respect to the nodes of a hierarchical clustering of the rows and/or the columns of the table. A cut-off point which indicates significant clustering may be defined on the binary trees associated with the respective row and column cluster analyses. This approach provides a simple graphical procedure which is useful in interpreting a significant chi-square statistic of a contingency table.The author gratefully acknowledges the constructive comments of the referees and the editor.     

高科技中小企业投资决策中的实物期权

文章分析了高科技中小企业投资活动的不确定性,揭示了实物期权投资决策分析方法的基本内涵,提出了实物期权法能较为客观地对科技型中小企业进行投资决策.     

Auto CAD实用技巧

本文详细介绍了如何把AutoCAD绘制的图形插入到Word文档;如何把Excel制作的表格插入到AutoCAD图形中,并转换成AutoCAD图元以及对象选择的几种方式。     

不同地区毛泡桐种子发芽状况的初步研究

本文分析了不同地区毛泡桐种子的发芽状况并对其进行了系统聚类分析。结果表明，光照处理有利于提高毛泡桐种子的发芽率和发芽势，室温贮藏不利于种子活力的长期保持。根据不同条件下毛泡桐种子发芽率和发芽势的差别，利用系统聚类方法将其划分为四组，该结果为泡桐引种和培养新品种等奠定了基础。     

学术团队与学科群系统核心竞争力的关系研究

把集群和核心竞争能力的概念借鉴到教育学领域，引出学科群系统及其核心竞争力，并对学科群及其系统进行解释，探讨影响学科群系统核心竞争力的因素。进而研究学术团队的开放度对团队创造能力的影响以及对学科群系统核心竞争力的影响。     

含看跌期权的股权回购方式在企业融资中的应用研究

近年来全球资本市场出现了股权回购的浪潮，关于股权回购的动因、市场反应，国内外有很多理论和实证研究，而股权回购中的具体方式上的金融创新，尤其国内特殊环境下的国有资本退出、不良贷款处置、中小企业融资颁域内的股权回购金融创新，尚未见有文献研究。针对中国实际协议回购中出现的含特殊看跌期权的股权回购，它所含期权相对标准美式期权有两个特点：有效期的起始时间不是现在而是未来某一时刻，执行价格不是常量而随时间变化。建立其计算模型，分析它在企业融资中的作用，研究它对融资双方投资收益率的影响，编制数值计算程序，计算一个实际算例，并进行敏感性分析。     

锡表面Mo(W)-S-Sn彩色簇合物膜的组成与结构研究

通过(NH4)2Mo(W)S4溶液浸渍,在金属Sn表面获得了不溶性且具有金属光泽的Mo(W)-S-Sn彩色簇合物膜。FT-IR、F-IR、FT-Raman、XPS和AES研究表明,簇合物膜中存在Mo(W)-S-Sn、端基Mo(W)-S和端基Mo(W)-O键,膜层由Mo(W)、S、Sn和O元素组成,膜为多分子层结构,从AES深度分布曲线的组成恒定区求得了元素的相对原子百分数和膜层厚度。     

资产证券化在PPP存量资产管理中的应用研究

PPP是我国政府在经济新常态和地方政府债务管理等背景下所做出的尝试和努力,虽起步较早,但相较英美等发展成熟国家仍有较大差距。上位法缺乏、体制机制不完善等,使得我国PPP项目在近年来的快速发展中出现了操作不规范、政府隐性债务增大等问题。当下,规范PPP项目发展和加强风险管控已刻不容缓,此举将有利于其可持续发展。PPP项目期限长、所需资金量大,期限转换及融资需求等均需要完善的配套金融服务体系,因而金融服务体系在ppp项目中扮演着不可或缺的角色,也将是PPP规范发展的重要抓手。基于PPP存量资产管理需求、现金流特征及金融体系的重要性等,本文选择以PPP资产证券化为角度分析并提出建议,以期在完善PPP金融服务体系的同时,推动PPP在我国的可持续发展。     

The hidden disintegration of cluster heterogeneity in Fe-based glass-forming alloy melt

The evolution of liquid metal at high temperature is known much less than their solid states. This is partially due to that the message concerning clusters, metastable phase or heterogeneity in liquid is usually too slight to be traced. Here, we shed some light on the nature of structural evolution of Fe-based glass-forming alloy during overheating process by the investigation of high-temperature melt viscometry and first principles simulations. It was found that a structural transition around 1400 ℃ occurred in the melts of initial homogeneous ingot, heterogeneous ingot and amorphous ribbons jointly, and was confirmed by the results from differential scanning calorimeter(DSC), and ab initio molecular dynamics(AIMD). Combining these results with Fe-Si-B ternary phase diagram and the melting characteristics of Fe-B compounds, it is safe to conclude that the disintegration of Fe_2B type clusters to Fe_3B-type clusters leads to the observed transition. These results offer a significant reference for the preparation and property control of Fe-based amorphous alloys.