Estimation and testing of time-varying coefficient regression models in the presence of linear restrictions

A linear regression model with random walk coefficients is extended to allow for linear restrictions between the coefficients to be satisfied at each point in time. Estimation in this model is shown to be no more involved than estimation in the standard model. It is also demonstrated how, after a slight modification to the testing problem, classical test procedures may be applied to the problem of testing for such restrictions. The performance of the Lagrange Multiplier test for a variety of different restrictions is then investigated via simulation. An empirical application involving testing for homogeneity in a random walk coefficient version of the AIDS model is given.     

The Young-Householder algorithm and the least squares multidimensional scaling of squared distances

It is shown that replacement of the zero diagonal elements of the symmetric data matrix of approximate squared distances by certain other quantities in the Young-Householder algorithm will yield a least squares fit to squared distances instead of to scalar products. Iterative algorithms for obtaining these replacement diagonal elements are described and relationships with the ELEGANT algorithm (de Leeuw 1975; Takane 1977) are discussed. In large residual situations a penalty function approach, motivated by the ELEGANT algorithm, is adopted. Empirical comparisons of the algorithms are given.An early version of this paper was presented at the Multidimensional Data Analysis Workshop, Pembroke College, Cambridge, July 1985. I want to thank Jan de Leeuw and Yoshio Takane for bringing the ELEGANT algorithm to my attention and for clarifying its rationale and notation. My thanks go also to Stephen du Toit for help with the ALSCAL computations reported in Section 7.     

经典热力学涨落理论的高斯近似(英文)

本文我们在几种坐标系下,利用黎曼几何语言讨论了经典热力学涨落理论的高斯近似.     

论搜索引擎的技术策略及发展趋势

分析了搜索引擎的种类及其特点，肯定了搜索引擎在网络检索中的作用，同时指出了它在检索中存在的困难，阐明了其今后的技术策略及发展方向。     

基于膜盘菌属的两种系统发育研究方法的比较研究

以rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2序列作为分子标记,采用直接优化和常规分析两种方法,探讨膜盘菌属内种间及其与相关属间的亲缘关系,并比较了两种建树方法在解决该属内种间关系的效果。以Lachnum spartinae为外群,选取31条序列构建了最小进化树、最大简约树和直接优化树。结果表明,Hymenoscyphus ericae复合种与其他膜盘菌属的成员关系较远,除了H.ericae外,其他膜盘菌形成一个单系群。模式种Hymenoscyphus fructigenus与H.caudatus,H.fucatus,H.scutulus等构成一个高支持率的分支,与另一分支(H.epiphyllus,H.lasiopodium)形成姐妹群。相对于常规的两步分析法,直接优化所产生的系统树与当前形态学特征基本相符合,因而更合理地反映膜盘菌属的分类地位和种间关系,表明该分析方法在真菌系统发育分析中具有较大的应用价值。     

运用现代汉语规律突破文言文学习难点

文言文与现代汉语差异极大,如何有效提高文言文的学习水平是困扰众多文言文学习者的一大难题,但以文言文与现代汉语的联系为落脚点和出发点,借助现代汉语语法分析并掌握文言文学习中的两大难点却是行之有效的方法。     

一类生产安排优化问题的检验数及最优解的确定

本文是《一类生产安排优化问题的基的特征与基可行解的求法》的续篇。对线性规则问题: 给出了相对应的检验数计算公式: 其中c_i,d_j是议程组(u_1…,u_m,V_1,…,V_n)B=C_B的解。并给出了调整负检验数的方法,从而使这一类线性规划问题得到较简单的单纯形解法。     

试论中国古代教育机制的沿革及变迁

古代教育的兴起 ,无论是官学或是私学 ,也无论是在书院或是乡塾 ,学制的确立和机构的设置 ,教学和教育理论的完备 ,都独具特色 ,因其内蕴的中华民族文化理念而成为世界上的绝无仅有。学校教育的形成 ,书院教育的演化 ,学塾教育的发展 ,完善了中国古代教育的特有体系。     

What was classical genetics?

I present an account of classical genetics to challenge theory-biased approaches in the philosophy of science. Philosophers typically assume that scientific knowledge is ultimately structured by explanatory reasoning and that research programs in well-established sciences are organized around efforts to fill out a central theory and extend its explanatory range. In the case of classical genetics, philosophers assume that the knowledge was structured by T. H. Morgan’s theory of transmission and that research throughout the later 1920s, 30s, and 40s was organized around efforts to further validate, develop, and extend this theory. I show that classical genetics was structured by an integration of explanatory reasoning (associated with the transmission theory) and investigative strategies (such as the ‘genetic approach’). The investigative strategies, which have been overlooked in historical and philosophical accounts, were as important as the so-called laws of Mendelian genetics. By the later 1920s, geneticists of the Morgan school were no longer organizing research around the goal of explaining inheritance patterns; rather, they were using genetics to investigate a range of biological phenomena that extended well beyond the explanatory domain of transmission theories. Theory-biased approaches in history and philosophy of science fail to reveal the overall structure of scientific knowledge and obscure the way it functions.     

Supertasks, dynamical attractors and indeterminism

Atkinson [2006. Losing energy in classical, relativistic and quantum mechanics. in Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 38 To appear.] has obtained some new results on supertasks and the violation of conservation laws. I discuss these results here, extending them from a different perspective, which, by focusing on considerations of indeterminism, facilitates the natural introduction in this context of the concept of dynamical attractor.