黑臭河水治理与水生植物生理响应的灰色分析

以上海城区黑臭河水的生物-生态处理工艺为研究对象,采用灰色理论分析水生植物在黑臭河水治理过程中的生理响应顺序,为科学解释污染物净化机制提供依据.结果显示,植物的生理特性对COD和NH+4-N去除的优先级关联排序均为POD>CAT>Chla>SP>Chlb,表明反应体系对黑臭河水中COD和NH+4-N的去除主要是通过微生...     

锈凹螺Chlorostoma rusticum的实验生态与环境分布

本文研究报告了采自浙江沿海锈凹螺Ｃｈｌｏｒｏｓｔｏｍａｒｕｓｔｉｃｕｍ的生存生物学试验结果，经过４８小时的极限耐性试验，其耐温范围为０－２５℃，耐盐范围为４．２９－４９．００‰，耐海水酸碱度ｐＨ＝４．０５－９．８５。温、盐度结合试验表明，锈凹螺的最佳生存水平为Ｓ‰＝２２．１８‰，Ｔ＝２０℃。还报导了锈凹螺在露空状态下的存活能力。随着干露时间增长、温度升高，体重消耗率上升，出现死亡时的平均体重消耗率为１１．０１％，全部死亡时的平均体重消耗率为１５．８４％。最后，就锈凹螺对各理化因子的耐受性与其水平分布、垂直分布作了讨论，对如何提高运输过程中的存活率作了进一步的分析。     

Vertical adaptive radiation in ocean Prochlorococcus: Evolutionary implications of the Chl b/a ratio from molecular evidence

Prochlorococcus is a marine cyanobacterium of global significance. Two ecotypes are adapted to either high-light (HL) or low-light (LL) conditions. The ratio between chlorophyll (Chl) a and b is a distinguishing characteristic of these two ecotypes. However, how this ratio evolved in Prochlorococcus during this ecotype differentiation remains unclear. Our analyses reveal that the ancestor of Prochlorococcus was typically low-light adapted. The LL ecotype showed a stagnant evolution, and the HL ecotype was recently diverged. There was an adaptive radiation after directional evolution in the Chl b/a ratio regulation. Recombination in chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO) and positive selection on Clp protease contributed to the directional evolution of Prochlorococcus. The recombinant fragments of CAO were correlated with a large group of shared coevolving sites. Evidence of positive selection was found in both subunits of Clp. Chl b/a ratio evolution, as annotated by molecular evidence, appears to be among the crucial reasons that explain how Prochlorococcus has become the dominant photosynthetic organism in the ocean.     

Simulation for the primary electronic donor of photosystem Ⅱ in vitro

Histidine coordinated to Chl a is a distinct characteristic of Chl a in vivo. By using histidine analogue of 1-methylimidazole (C4H6N2) and measuring the UV/vis absorption, CD and MCD spectra of the interaction between C4H6N2 and Chl a in CCl4, we have obtained that: (ⅰ) In pure CCl4 solvent, Chl a molecule is in five-coordinate state, and two Chl a molecules form an asymmetric compact-dimer with strong coupling interaction. We propose that the two Chl a molecules are connected by two unequally coordinated Mg-O bonds (the two oxygen atoms come from the C== O of C131 keto and C17 ester, respectively); (ⅱ) when the molar ratio of C4H6N2/Chl a is 0.5 or 1 (corresponding to 2Chl a·1C4H6N2 and 2Chl a·2C4H6N2, respectively), significant changes have been observed in the absorption, CD and MCD spectra, which indicate that the Chl a remains in dimer form, but the coupling interaction between them reduces greatly. We postulate that C4H6N2 replaces the ligation of C== O of C17 ester and C131 keto to Mg atoms sequentially. The two Chl a molecules linked by two weakly interacted Mg...O bonds form a relaxed-dimer. The structure of the model is essentially similar to that of the primary electronic donor, P680, of photosystem Ⅱ in high plants and algae.     

Simulation for the primary electronic donor of photosystem IIin vitro

Histidine coordinated to Chi a is a distinct characteristic of Chl ain vivo. By using histidine analogue of 1-methylimidazole (C₄H₆N₂2) and measuring the UV/vis absorption, CD and MCD spectra of the interaction between C₄H₆N₂ and Chl a in CCI₄, we have obtained that: (i) In pure CCl₄ solvent, Chl a molecule is in five-coordinate state, and two Chl a molecules form an asymmetric compact-dimer with strong coupling interaction. We propose that the two Chl a molecules are connected by two unequally coordinated Mg-O bonds (the two oxygen atoms come from the C=O of C13¹ keto and C17 ester, respectively); (ii) when the molar ratio of C₄H₆N₂/Chl a is 0.5 or 1 (corresponding to 2Chl a · 1C₄H₆N₂ and 2Chl a · 2C₄H₆N₂, respectively), significant changes have been observed in the absorption, CD and MCD spectra, which indicate that the Chl a remains in dimer form, but the coupling interaction between them reduces greatly. We postulate that C₄H₆N₂ replaces the ligation of C=O of C17 ester and C13¹ keto to Mg atoms sequentially. The two Chl a molecules linked by two weakly interacted Mg…O bonds form a relaxed-dimer. The structure of the model is essentially similar to that of the primary electronic donor, P₆₈₀, of photosystem II in high plants and algae.     

不同遮阴强度对猕猴桃“桂海4号”光合特性及果实品质的影响

以中华猕猴桃“桂海4号”（Actinidia chinensis Planch cv．Guihaia 4）为研究对象,采用LI-6400便携式光合测定系统测定不同程度（0,40％和60％）遮阴对其光合、荧光特性和果实品质的影响。结果表明,与全光照相比,40％和60％的遮阴强度显著降低了猕猴桃的光饱和速率（Amax）、表观量子效率（AQY）、光饱和点（LSP）、光补偿点（LCP）和暗呼吸速率（Rd）（P〈0．05）,对其水分利用效率（WUE）和叶绿素含量（Chlcontent）均无显著影响（P〉0．05）,但是潜在水分利用效率（WUEi）随着遮阴强度的增加而增加。猕猴桃的初始荧光（Fo）、可变荧光（Fv）、最大荧光（Fm）和PSⅡ最大光能转换效率（Fv/Fm）在全光照和不同遮阴处理间无显著差异（P〉0．05）,表明一定程度的遮刚对其Fo、Fc、Fm、Fv／Fm,无明显影响,但是与全光照相比,40％的遮阴强度显著降低了PSⅡ光能捕获效率（Fc／Fm）、PSⅡ电子传递量子效率（PhiPS2）和光化学猝灭系数（gP）,而60％遮阴强度其F＇v／Fm、PhiPS2和qP与全光照下的无显著差异（P〉0．05）。全光照和遮阴条件下猕猴桃光合和荧光参数相关关系存在明显差异,表明猕猴桃“桂海4号”随着环境条件中光照的改变其光合器官进行了一定的调整,使其适应变化了的环境条件。遮阴对猕猴桃“桂海4号”的果实外观无显著影响,但是却显著影响了其果实品质,40％遮阴强度显著降低其维C、含量、总糖、可溶性固体物和酸含量。     

RE包衣剂对玉米生长及苗期抗旱性的影响

用高效成膜剂携带植物生长调节物质及酶活性物质（简称ＲＥ）包衣玉米种子,干后播种,结果表明适当浓度的ＲＥ包衣处理提高玉米苗叶绿素含量,抑制地上生长,促进根系生长,提高根冠比．经干旱处理,玉米苗保护酶（ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ）活性上升,而ＰＯＤ活性下降,ＭＤＡ含量下降,Ｐｒｏ含量上升．ＲＥ包衣处理表现了壮苗、抗旱的作用     

Effects of dissolved organic matter on the growth and pigments synthesis of Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira)

Excessive accumulation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the culture ponds of Spirulina platensis is usually considered to be one of the potential factors affecting the production of S. platensis, however, we are not quite aware of effects of DOM on the growth and pigments synthesis of S. platensis. In the present study, S. platensis was grown in batch or semi?continuous cultures using the filtrate in the culture ponds that had not been renewed for years. It was found that disssolved organic carbon up to 60 mg/L did not bring about an inhibitory effect on the growth of S. platensis, but increased the contents of chlorophyll a and phycocyanin instead. However, further accumulation of dissolved organic matter could decrease the content of chlorophyll a.     

光系统核心天线CP43, CP47 中b-Car 与Chl a分子间的能量传递

以纯化的核心天线ＣＰ４３和Ｃ灾材料产荧光激发光谱比较的方法,计算出在３和ＣＰ４７中β－Ｃａｒ到Ｃｈｌａ分子之间的能量传递效率分别为２９．１％和６２．８％,证明了在常温下,ＣＰ４３和Ｃ宫都存在着β－Ｃａｒ到Ｃｈｌａ分子之间的能量传递,为期人能量传递可能以“Ｄｅｘｔｅｒ的电子交换机制”进行,还对ＣＰ４３和ＣＰ４７中β－Ｃａｒ和Ｃｈｌａ分子之间的空间位置关系进行了讨论。     

夏季长江口外赤潮海区叶绿素a分布特征与固碳能力

2018年和2019年分别对夏季长江口外赤潮海区开展了两个断面水体环境要素调查,叶绿素a(Chl a)原位观测和同步水样采集测定的两套数据均表明该区夏季水体Chl a分布特征:最大值不局限分布于表层2m,可深达10～15m.全水柱Chl a观测值与实测值呈线性显著正相关(r>0.8,p<0.05),表明高深度分辨率的C...