强Rasmusen智猪公理系统的最可能局势

基于Rasmusen原始智猪博弈模型,由引进大小猪的跑速、吃速、投食量和槽板距等指标和即喷公理、弱和平公理、强成本公理、强跑速公理和吃速公理,建立了所谓强Rasmusen智猪公理系统。给出最优局势分布公式,得到当成本和槽板距充分小时,最可能两猪都踏;当成本足够大时,最可能大猪独踏的结论。作为应用,引进一种所谓Rasmusen技术创新模型,举例说明了计算这种模型中各局势的概率和如何控制此概率的问题。     

Palaeoenvironmental changes from pollen record in deep sea core PC-1 from northern Okinawa Trough, East China Sea during the past 24 ka

A pollen record of core PC-1 from the northern Okinawa Trough, East China Sea （ECS）, provides information on vegetation and climate changes since 24 cal. kaBP. A total of 103 samples were palynologically analyzed at 8 cm intervals with a time resolution of 230 a. Four pollen zones are recognized： zone Ⅰ （812-715 cm, 24.2-21.1 cah kaBP）, zone Ⅱ （715-451 cm, 21.1-15.2 cah kaBP）, zone Ⅲ （451-251 cm, 15.2-0.8 cah kaBP）, zone Ⅳ （251-0 cm, 10.8-0.3 cal. kaBP）, corresponding to Late MIS 3, Last Glacial Maximum （LGM）, deglaciation and Holocene, respectively. The LGM is characterized by the dominance of herbs, mainly Artemisia, and high pollen influx, implying an open vegetation on the ex- posed continental shelf and a cool and dry climate. The deglaciation is a climate warming stage with Pinus percentage increased and Artemisia percentage decreased and a rapid sea-level rise. The Holocene is characterized by predominance of tree pollen with rapid increase in Castanea-Castanopsis indicating the development of mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest and a warm, humid climate. Low pollen influx during the Holocene probably implies submergence of the continental shelf and retreat of the pollen source area. The vegetation indicated by pollen assemblage found in this upper zone is consistent with the present vegetation found in Kyushu, Japan. Originating from the humid mountain area of North Luzon of the Philippines, Tasmania and New Zealand, Phyllocladus with sporadic occurrence throughout PC-1 core probably suggests the influence of Palaeo-Kuroshio Current or intense summer monsoon. The observed changes in Pinus and Herbs percentage indicate fluctuations of the sea level, and high Pinus percentage corresponds to high sea level. Spectrum analysis of the pollen percentage record reveals many millennial-scale periodicities, such as periodicities of 6.8, 3.8, 2.2, 1.6 ka.     

Gas seepage on the sea floor of Okinawa Trough Miyako Section

A marine geophysical survey was carried out,on the R/V Science 1 of the Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOCAS), in 2000, at the Miyako Section of Okinawa Trough. Here we present seismic and acoustic evidence of a gas seep on the sea floor on the western part of the Okinawa Trough, near the lower slope of the East China Sea Slope and discuss the possibility of related formation of gas hydrate. A gas column reflection was observed in echo-sounder data above a section where the sea floor reflector was missing, on both the echo-sounder and the seismic data for line H14. The seismic data also show an acoustic curtain reflection and a turbidity reflection at this section.These anomalies are the evidence of the existence of a gas seep, which occupies .an area 2.2 km in diameter. Based on the acoustic curtain on line H14, we believe that the amount of gas contained in the sediments below the gas seep is larger than 1% by volume of sediment. Tectonically, the gas seep developed in a small basin controlled by basement uplift in the north, south and east. The thickness of the sediment layer can be greater than 3.5 km. A mud diapir structure was found in layer D beneath the gas seep. Over-pressure may occur due to the large sediment thickness and also the tectonic basement uplift in the north, south, and east. The mud diapir could be the preferential pathway for methane-rich fluids. The acoustic curtain may indicate that free gas related to the gas seep can be formed on the sea floor. We also note that the layer above the acoustic curtain on profile H14 may contain gas hydrate.     

A broad deglacial δ13C minimum event in planktonic foraminiferal records in the Okinawa Trough

The equatorial Pacific upwelling zone has been suspected of playing an important role in the global atmospheric CO2 changes associated with glacial-interglacial cycles.In order to assess the influencing scope of the surface water deglacial δ13C minimum in the tropical Iow-latitude Pacific,the core DGKS9603, collected from the middle Okinawa Trough, was examined for δ13C records of planktonic foraminifera N. dutertrei and G. ruber. The planktonic foraminiferal δ13C records show a clear decreasing event from 20 to 6 cal. kaBP., which is characterized by long duration of about 14 ka and amplitude shift of 0.4 × 10-3. Its minimum value occurred at 15.7 cai kaBP. The event shows fairly synchrony with the surface water deglacial δ13C minimum identiffed in the tropical Pacific and its marginal seas. Because there is no evidence in planktonic foraminiferal fauna and δ18O records for upwelling and river runoff enhancement,the broad deglacial δ13C minimum event in planktonic foraminiferal records revealed in core DGKS9603 might have been the direct influencing result of the deglacial surface water of the tropical Pacific. The identification for the event in the Okinawa Trough provides new evidence that the water evolution in the tropical low-latitude Pacific plays a key role in large regional, even global carbon cycle.     

Preliminary analysis of grain-size populations with environmentally sensitive terrigenous components in marginal sea setting

Grain-size data have been widely used to determine sediment transport patterns and to reconstruct the sedi-mentary environment. Because the natural occurring sediments deposited in the geologic periods and modern times are mostly mixtures of materials transported from multi-sources or/and by different sedimentary processes, the grain size of bulk samples is an incomplete, approxi-mate index for sedimentary environment changes[1,2]. Thus, further studies on the quantitative reconstruction of th…     

南海北部陆坡地形特征及其影响因素研究

南海北部陆坡位于南海北部大陆边缘,地质构造活动丰富,是大陆和深海进行物质和能量交换的重要过渡区。研究北部陆坡区复杂的地形地貌,有助于深化对南海北部陆缘海底地质活动与环境变化的认识,并为资源勘探与工程建设提供基础地质信息支撑。本研究基于全球水深地形图（General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans,GEBCO）数据及实测多波束数据,对南海北部陆坡的地形地貌进行研究,识别出不同的地貌类型,并探讨其形成和发展的控制因素。研究表明,南海北部陆坡发育有海台、海山、海丘、海槽、海底峡谷以及冷泉地貌类型。南海北部陆坡地形地貌的发育和演化主要受控于构造活动及火山活动,而外动力地质作用如沉积输运、海平面变化及甲烷流体的活动等,都对研究区的地形地貌做了进一步的改造,使之更加复杂。     

槽式太阳能系统聚光镜面参数对聚光特性的影响研究

对槽式太阳能系统聚光镜面参数对聚光特性的影响进行了理论、模拟及实验研究。结果显示,平行光下聚光镜面厚度、焦距、折射率导致汇聚光线在焦线位置发生横向离焦偏移△X与纵向离焦偏移△Y,采用OriginPro拟合出具有高相关指数的实用经验公式,并通过TracePro仿真及以焦距1060mm、反射镜折射率1.5、开口宽度1 600mm的典型槽式系统为平台进行实验验证。此研究可为太阳能槽式聚光系统进一步的设计优化提供参考。     

重庆高燕锰矿床成矿物质来源及沉积环境

在矿床地质研究基础上,通过对13件锰矿石样品进行系统的主量元素、稀土元素测试及分析,进一步探讨高燕锰矿床的成矿物质来源及沉积环境。结果表明:Mn/Fe平均值为17.34,P/Mn平均值为0.008,(CaO+MgO)/(SiO_2+Al_2O_3)平均值为0.51,因此城口锰矿属于高磷低铁偏酸性锰矿石。Mn含量远高于TFe与MgO含量,可能是Fe~(2+)、Mg~(2+)易进入锰矿石的晶格占据Mn~(2+)的位置而形成完全类质同象的原因;Al和Ti含量相对较低,表明锰矿石沉积水体相对较深或距离陆源较远。高燕锰矿稀土元素总量不大,轻稀土明显较重稀土富集,δEu呈正异常,δCe呈弱的正异常。SiO_2/Al_2O_3、Fe/Ti、(Fe+Mn)/Ti、Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)、La/Ce比值,以及SiO_2-Al_2O_3、La-Ce、La/Yb-REE图解都显示出锰矿沉积过程中有大量热水(液)的注入,受陆源物质的影响程度较小,物源可能来自洋壳深部;锰矿与底板围岩稀土元素配分曲线相似,且锰矿层的产出严格受区域构造、地层、岩性的控制,反映了底板围岩可能为锰矿层的形成提供了部分物质来源;Sm/Nd比值指示锰矿层的沉积类型为壳层源沉积。Mn/Fe、ΣLREE/ΣHREE比值及δCe值,Ce、Eu异常,以及La_N/Ce_N-Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)图解表明城口高燕锰矿床形成于大陆边缘向深海盆地过渡范围内即离岸较远、相对潮湿的深海或深水,还原、成矿温度大于250℃的沉积环境。