Petroleum enrichment characteristics in Ordovician carbonates in Lunnan area of Tarim Basin

Lunnan heave had experienced denudation during late Caledonian and Hercynian movements and reconstruction during Indosinian movement. Lunnan heave and its circumference areas are located on the direction of petroleum migration, and experienced three reservoir formation cycles that are divided by wave cycle: The first reservoir formation cycle is characterized by breakage, the second by alteration, and the third by enrichment. Three layers of dissolving-cave developed on the vertical in Lunnan area. Development degree of slit-cave system and their connectivity are important factors to control petroleum enrichment in the weathering crust reservoir. The area where dissolving-caves are communicated by silts and faults was a fine petroleum enrichment area, and water was often encountered in the area with isolation cave while drilling because of no oil and gas origin. The top part of the faulted-horst as a leaking area is bearing water area, and the higher part of slope nearing the top part of the faulted-horst as a high seepage area is a heavy oil area due to lack of fine caprock, and the lower part of slope and the platform are light and condensate oil area. The area with the middle-upper Ordovi-cian is the favorable area to explore original carbonate reservoir formed in the earlier stage. The best favorable petroleum enrichment area for carbonates is surrounding Lunnan heave along the slope down to the direction of sags. The precondition to discover petroleum in carbonates is accurately prognosticating the distribution area of silts and caves, and the key to improving the exploration success ratio is accurately recognizing silts and small faults.     

古海洋中奇妙的微亮晶碳酸盐岩

微亮晶(臼齿构造)碳酸盐岩是一种奇妙的岩石类型,在中-新元古代的古海洋碳酸盐岩沉积中占重要地位。广泛分布在中国、北美、澳大利亚、北欧、西伯利亚、西北非、印度等元古界地层中。近年, 前寒武纪研究有了可喜的进展,特别是全球事件、地层及古大陆再造研究的深入,使微亮晶碳酸盐岩（Molar Tooth Carbonates）” 成了研究中-新元古代的火力交叉点[1]。随着700Ma以前的Varanger/Marinoan全球冰期的到来,微亮晶碳酸盐岩则突然消失。其发育和衰退关系到地球生命起源和海洋碳酸盐岩沉积地球化学的突变,是解决前寒武纪生物学和地球化学事件的关键。 因此,微亮晶碳酸盐岩已经成为探索早期地球海洋环境和生命起源以及元古代国际地层对比的重大地质事件。联合国教科文/国际地科联的IGCP447项目[2]对元古代臼齿构造碳酸盐岩和地球演化进行了较详细地研究,特别是在其成因和用于全球古大陆地层对比方面取得了突破性进展。