源解析NKCMB最优拟合法及其实现

在大气颗粒物源解析领域中,在一套数据中由于选择不同的拟合源和拟合组分,CMB模型会产生多个解析结果。提出了NKCMB最优拟合法,解决现存的CMB模型在所限定的条件内不能穷举所有的解析结果以及在众多的结果中人工择优的局限等问题。基于NKCMB最优拟合法和美国环保总署提供的EPA-CMB8.2软件开发了NKCMB3.0软件。使用美国环保总署提供的测试数据进行的对比试验证明,NKCMB最优拟合法能够找到比EPA-CMB8.2的Best Fit更优的源解析结果。     

牛顿力学和相对论理论基础的分析与比较

欧洲普朗克望远镜最近测量到的宇宙微波背景辐射存在宇观不对称,这种整个宇宙的不对称性不能用现有理论解释,人们需要对传统理论进行新的考察。任何理论在创建时都有一些假设前提,这些假设前提构成了理论的基础。在牛顿力学中,牛顿假定存在惯性系,所有牛顿力学方程只对惯性系成立。相对论则以四条公理作为逻辑起点。讨论理论的逻辑起点有助于加深对理论的理解,尤其是研究理论的适用范围时,内部逻辑很难帮助找到突破口,而解剖理论的基础则是有效方法之一。本文详细分析了牛顿力学和相对论的理论基础,运用了一些新的方法,得到了一些新的结论,这些新的方法和结论将有助于对未来理论发展趋势的把握。     

煤层气资源类型的划分

以对煤层气的地质认识及工程控制程度作为分级依据,以煤层气开发的经济效益好坏作为分类依据,提出了对煤层气资源类型的新的分类方案,尤其是将利用已有的煤田地质资料确定的煤层气地质认识资源划分为3级3类,有利于对煤田地质资料的再利用,能指导煤层气勘探开发工作的顺利进行.     

宇宙微波背景辐射检验CPT对称性

电荷共轭-宇称-时间反演（CPT）联合对称性是粒子物理中的一种基本对称性.检验CPT对称性是检验标准模型及发现新物理等基础科学研究的重要途径.本文将介绍利用高精度的宇宙微波背景辐射（CMB）的观测和实验检验CPT对称性的方法,以及最新进展.通过与其他实验的比较我们发现CMB对CPT对称性的检验精度更高.     

Foundations of quantum gravity: The role of principles grounded in empirical reality

When attempting to assess the strengths and weaknesses of various principles in their potential role of guiding the formulation of a theory of quantum gravity, it is crucial to distinguish between principles which are strongly supported by empirical data – either directly or indirectly – and principles which instead (merely) rely heavily on theoretical arguments for their justification. Principles in the latter category are not necessarily invalid, but their a priori foundational significance should be regarded with due caution. These remarks are illustrated in terms of the current standard models of cosmology and particle physics, as well as their respective underlying theories, i.e., essentially general relativity and quantum (field) theory. For instance, it is clear that both standard models are severely constrained by symmetry principles: an effective homogeneity and isotropy of the known universe on the largest scales in the case of cosmology and an underlying exact gauge symmetry of nuclear and electromagnetic interactions in the case of particle physics. However, in sharp contrast to the cosmological situation, where the relevant symmetry structure is more or less established directly on observational grounds, all known, nontrivial arguments for the “gauge principle” are purely theoretical (and far less conclusive than usually advocated). Similar remarks apply to the larger theoretical structures represented by general relativity and quantum (field) theory, where – actual or potential – empirical principles, such as the (Einstein) equivalence principle or EPR-type nonlocality, should be clearly differentiated from theoretical ones, such as general covariance or renormalizability. It is argued that if history is to be of any guidance, the best chance to obtain the key structural features of a putative quantum gravity theory is by deducing them, in some form, from the appropriate empirical principles (analogous to the manner in which, say, the idea that gravitation is a curved spacetime phenomenon is arguably implied by the equivalence principle). Theoretical principles may still be useful however in formulating a concrete theory (analogous to the manner in which, say, a suitable form of general covariance can still act as a sieve for separating theories of gravity from one another). It is subsequently argued that the appropriate empirical principles for deducing the key structural features of quantum gravity should at least include (i) quantum nonlocality, (ii) irreducible indeterminacy (or, essentially equivalently, given (i), relativistic causality), (iii) the thermodynamic arrow of time, (iv) homogeneity and isotropy of the observable universe on the largest scales. In each case, it is explained – when appropriate – how the principle in question could be implemented mathematically in a theory of quantum gravity, why it is considered to be of fundamental significance and also why contemporary accounts of it are insufficient. For instance, the high degree of uniformity observed in the Cosmic Microwave Background is usually regarded as theoretically problematic because of the existence of particle horizons, whereas the currently popular attempts to resolve this situation in terms of inflationary models are, for a number of reasons, less than satisfactory. However, rather than trying to account for the required empirical features dynamically, an arguably much more fruitful approach consists in attempting to account for these features directly, in the form of a lawlike initial condition within a theory of quantum gravity.     

地磁场能量在地球内部的三维分布及其长期变化

 利用Bloxham&;Jackson地磁场模型(BJ)和国际地磁参考场模型(IGRF)资料,计算并分析了1690年以来地磁总能量、北向、东向和垂直向分量的能量从CMB到地表的分布和时间变化.结果表明,地磁场总能量以及北向和垂直向分量的能量在地表和地球内部的变化一致,1690年以来减小,东向分量的能量变化以波动形式增大,偶极子磁场能量持续减小.非偶极子磁场的能量1690~1770年减小,1770年以后增大.磁能密度在CMB附近增大较快,地表的磁能密度只有CMB的1.6%.从地表向下至CMB,偶极子和非偶极子的磁能密度的变化相反,偶极子减小,非偶极子增大.     

西藏大学医学院与美国中华医学基金会(CMB)简介

我院在1992年(原为自治区综合卫校)与美国中华医学基金会(CMB)由原卫生部陈敏章部长引荐,原卫生厅厅长次仁卓嘎(现任自治区政府副主席)和原自治区卫生学校校长李谦(现任藏医学院副院长),共同向原CMB主席威廉·索耶博士提出了对西藏医学教育事业的援助,CMB主席来藏考察,建立了第一个西藏医专筹建项目.西藏大学医学院至今与CMB保持着友好的关系,CMB先后投资约200多万美元,对西藏的医学教育事业和学院的发展起到了很大的推动作用.     

龙岩市大气中PM10的微观形貌特征及组成分析

选择福建省龙岩市环境监测站的大气常规监测点位为采样点, 于2009年9月16日至9月23日进行24 h连续采样, 采用扫描电镜方法分析样品中PM₁₀的微观形貌特征和元素组成, 通过与当地典型污染源颗粒物的微观形貌和特征元素进行对比, 确定其主要污染来源. 研究结果表明: 各类污染源的微观形貌及特征元素均有明显区别,  不同采样点样品中PM₁₀的微观形貌特征及元素组成也有差异, 据此分析得出的大气PM₁₀颗粒物来源与化学质量平衡受体模型(CMB8.2)源解析结果一致.     

南昌市罗家集工业区大气颗粒物PM10的来源解析

2005年冬季,在南昌钢铁责任有限公司监测站和罗家集何家村2个采样点采集PM10样品,用等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-AES）分析PM10中的无机元素,以无机元素为示踪物,利用CMB受体模型对PM10来源进行解析,结果表明：煤烟尘是南昌市罗家集工业区PM10的主要来源,其次是建筑尘、冶金尘、土壤尘和机动车尾气。     

哈尔滨市PM_(10)季节性污染来源分析

采集了哈尔滨市4个典型区域四季的大气可吸入颗粒物(PM10),并对颗粒物中的金属元素进行了化学分析,得出20种元素分布特征,并利用富集因子法及化学平衡模型(CMB)对PM10的污染来源进行了解析,结果表明:Cu、Pb、S、Zn、As、Cd六种污染元素主要来自于人为排放源;Al、Ba、Ca、Cr、K、Mg、Mn、V、Sr九种元素主要来源于自然污染,但不排除来自人为污染的可能性;Ti、Na、Si三种元主要来自于自然污染源;Cu、Pb、S、Zn、As、Cd六种元素季节变化和空间差异显著,且冬季人为污染严重;CMB解析结果说明哈尔滨市主要污染来源为交通尘、扬尘、煤烟尘和石化业尘四类,交通尘贡献率最高,扬尘在春季贡献率最高,石油化工尘在夏季贡献率最高,煤烟尘在冬季贡献率最高。