Studies on some enzymes of the toad (Bufo melanostictus) testis and their probable role at the time of fertilization

Summary Glycosidases like sialidase,-galactosidase, -L-fucosidase, N-acetyl hexosaminidase and proteases were detected in toad testis. Neuraminic acid aldolase activity was also detected. The enzyme activities were found to vary as production of spermatozoa varied. All enzymes, except N-acetyl glucosaminidase, were shown to decrease after injection of toad pituitary extract and they were also found to be absent from testis containing no spermatozoa. The glycosidases were found to act on toad oviduct jelly and they may therefore be involved in the degradation of the jelly after fertilization, into smaller bits, which may be utilized as nutrients by the fertilized zygote.Acknowledgment. We thank Prof. T.R. Ramaiah, Head of the Department of Biochemistry, University of Mysore, for his help. We also acknowledge the financial assistance of University Grants Commission to one of us (MS) and CSIR through a grant No. 9 (165)83/EMR-II to HSS. Please address all correspondence to H.S. Seshadri.     

重金属镉对花背蟾蜍蝌蚪生长发育的影响

研究了镉质量浓度在0.0015,0.0300和0.1500mg/L时对花背蟾蜍(Bufo raddei)蝌蚪生长发育的影响。结果表明:不同质量浓度镉能缩短花背蟾蜍蝌蚪50％出膜时间,但对蝌蚪最终孵化率没有影响;镉能影响蝌蚪的生存率,对蝌蚪的生长发育具有明显的抑制作用(P<0.01),但组间差异均不显著(P>0.05);同时各质量浓度水平均导致蝌蚪头部泡状膨大、‘S’型尾和体形奇小(为正常体长的0.50～0.67)等,致畸率0.1500 mg/L质量浓度水平最高(2.25％),0.0300 mg/L水平次之(2.00％),0.0015 mg/L水平最低(0.50％)。     

Tadpole deposition behaviour in male stream frogs Mannophryne trinitatis (Anura: Dendrobatidae)

Male Mannophryne trinitatis transport their larvae on their backs to predator‐free pools and deposit them there. The experiments reported here investigated M. trinitatis male deposition behaviour in containers placed near a heavily fish‐populated stream at Mount Saint Benedict, northern Trinidad. Choice of deposition site was not related to height above or distance from the stream. The low mean number of tadpoles deposited in each container in the field and in a laboratory experiment indicated that most males tended not to deposit complete clutches in single pools. Deposition experiments in the laboratory with a choice of different‐sized containers showed that deposition was pool size dependent, with more tadpoles deposited in larger containers. Deposition behaviour when given a choice of containers with leaf litter (a source of food and shelter) and with no leaf litter showed no significant preference. Tadpoles grown in different water volumes with different food sources revealed that tadpole growth was best in larger water volumes containing leaf litter. Regular tadpole inspections at a pool in the field established that most tadpoles present were the result of downstream movement.     

水城产中华大蟾蜍血细胞的显微观察

为检测动物血细胞的形态参数这一生理指标具有区域性,应用常规血涂片Wright染色法对中华大蟾蜍(Bufo gargarizans)血细胞进行显微观察、形态参数测定、图示、描述和比较.结果表明:分布于不用地区的中华大蟾蜍各类血细胞在形态上区别不大,大小上存在差异.     

三氯杀螨醇对中华大蟾蜍的急性毒性

用三氯杀螨醇对中华大蟾蜍蝌蚪水体染毒和成体体腔染毒,采用寇氏法测定了不同温度条件下三氯杀螨醇对中华大蟾蜍蝌蚪(15℃和20℃)和成体(20℃)的半致死浓度(LC50)及其95%可信限范围,并观察了中毒症状.结果表明:在15℃和20℃条件下,三氯杀螨醇对蝌蚪的LC50分别为13.24 mg/L和9.85 mg/L,其95%可信限范围分别为12.30~14.24 mg/L和9.18~10.57 mg/L;20℃时,三氯杀螨醇对雄性成体和雌性成体的LC50分别为114.89 mg/kg和174.14 mg/kg,其95%可信限范围分别为80.00~165.01 mg/kg和121.25~250.11 mg/kg.     

中华大蟾蜍肺毛细血管的扫描电镜观察

用扫描电镜观察了ＡＢＳ丁酮溶液灌注的中华大蟾蜍肺毛细胞管构筑情况，其肺壁被内面的施工网状隔膜分隔成许多小室－肺泡；在网状隔膜，肺泡壁上均有丰富的毛细血管，且相互吻合成单层密集网；肺泡毛细血管网眼多，由五边形的毛细管环构成，毛细血管直径９．５３－１６．７３μｍ，网眼孔径９１．７－２５．１８μｍ；在毛细血管铸型上有明显的内皮细胞核的压迹。     

湘西棘腹蛙蝌蚪试养中饵料的初步研究

从自然环境中获得棘腹蛙蝌蚪两批共783只，在人工饲养室中，分成8组，用不同饵料饲养74天。发现不同龄期生长速度不同，甲状腺素有促进生长发育的作用，饵料系数则因投饵种类不同而有差别，平均饵料系数为2．79。     

中华大蟾蜍胚后原始大脑皮层神经元自发电活动的发育变化

应用微电极电生理技术对中华大蟾蜍(Bufo bufo gargarizans)胚后端脑原始大脑皮层神经元的自发放电活动进行在体胞外记录,探讨其胚后端脑原始大脑皮层神经元自发电活的电生理学特性的发育变化。结果表明原始大脑皮层神经元的自发放电有5种形式。胚后发育的早期为4种放电类型,以簇状放电和连续放电为主;胚后发育的后期为5种放电类型,以簇状和连续簇状放电为主。随着原始大脑皮层的发育,单个放电的动作电位时程缩短,连续单个放电和连续簇状放电频率降低,连续放电、簇状放电和连续簇状放电的持续时间延长。随着端脑原始大脑皮层的发育,神经元的兴奋性逐步提高,神经元电活动形式逐渐呈现多样化。     

2种农药对牛蛙蝌蚪的急性毒性试验研究

用甲胺磷、草甘膦对牛蛙蝌蚪进行急性毒性试验,每间隔2 h观察、记录一次牛蛙蝌蚪的自然状况、死亡尾数、体色及活动状况;同时测定水温、室温、及水体溶解氧。结果表明,甲胺磷对牛蛙蝌蚪的24 h的半致死质量浓度为0.83 g/L,安全质量浓度为0.083 g/L;草甘膦对牛蛙蝌蚪的24 h半致死质量浓度为11.57g/L,安全质量浓度为1.157 g/L。