Pierre Duhem’s virtue epistemology

Duhem’s concept of ‘good sense’ is central to his philosophy of science, given that it is what allows scientists to decide between competing theories. Scientists must use good sense and have intellectual and moral virtues in order to be neutral arbiters of scientific theories, especially when choosing between empirically adequate theories. I discuss the parallels in Duhem’s views to those of virtue epistemologists, who understand justified belief as that arrived at by a cognitive agent with intellectual and moral virtues, showing how consideration of Duhem as a virtue epistemologist offers insights into his views, as well as providing possible answers to some puzzles about virtue epistemology. The extent to which Duhem holds that the intellectual and moral virtues of the scientist determine scientific knowledge has not been generally noticed.     

广义De Bruijn图分解问题的一些结果

广义DeBruijn图是最近提出的一种具有良好性质的网络拓扑结构，文中对这类图的分解问题作了初步的分析，构造了一类基本模块，并得出了一些关于模块效率的数值结果。     

有向de Bruijn图的限制边连通度

证明了对有向de Bruijn图DB（d，n），当d≥3，n≥3或d=2,n≥3或≥3，n=时，它的限制边连通度λ^DB（d，n））=2d-2.     

多元De Bruijn图的限制边连通性

多元De Bruijn图UB(d, n)是De Bruijn网络的拓扑结构, 它具有高效网络应该具备的许多特性, 如短直径、小最大度和多节点. 本文研究无向多元De Bruijn图的的限制边连通性, 证明当n≥4时UB(d, n)是超级限制边连通的, 回答了张克民等人提出的问题.     

Pierre Duhem’s epistemic aims and the intellectual virtue of humility: a reply to Ivanova

David Stump (2007) has recently argued that Pierre Duhem can be interpreted as a virtue epistemologist. Stump’s claims have been challenged by Milena Ivanova (2010) on the grounds that Duhem’s ‘epistemic aims’ are more modest than those of virtue epistemologists. I challenge Ivanova’s criticism of Stump by arguing that she not distinguish between ‘reliabilist’ and ‘responsibilist’ virtue epistemologies. Once this distinction is drawn, Duhem clearly emerges as a ‘virtue-responsibilist’ in a way that complements Ivanova’s positive proposal that Duhem’s ‘good sense’ reflects a conception of the ‘ideal scientist’. I support my proposal that Duhem is a ‘virtue-responsibilist’ by arguing that his rejection of the possibility of our producing a ‘perfect theory’ reflects the key responsibilist virtue of ‘intellectual humility’.     

‘Good Sense’ in context: A response to Kidd

In his response to my (2010), Ian Kidd claims that my argument against Stump’s interpretation of Duhem’s concept of ‘good sense’ is unsound because it ignores an important distinction within virtue epistemology. In light of the distinction between reliabilist and responsibilist virtue epistemology, Kidd argues that Duhem can be seen as supporting the latter, which he further illustrates with a discussion of Duhem’s argument against ‘perfect theory’. I argue that no substantive argument is offered to show that the distinction is relevant and can establish that Duhem’s ‘good sense’ can be understood within responsibilist virtue epistemology. I furthermore demonstrate that Kidd’s attempt to support his contention relies on a crucial misreading of Duhem’s general philosophy of science, and in doing so highlight the importance of understanding ‘good sense’ in its original context, that of theory choice.     

Pierre Duhem’s good sense as a guide to theory choice

This paper examines Duhem’s concept of good sense as an attempt to support a non rule-governed account of rationality in theory choice. Faced with the underdetermination of theory by evidence thesis and the continuity thesis, Duhem tried to account for the ability of scientists to choose theories that continuously grow to a natural classification. I will examine the concept of good sense and the problems that stem from it. I will also present a recent attempt by David Stump to link good sense to virtue epistemology. I will argue that even though this approach can be useful for the better comprehension of the concept of good sense, there are some substantial differences between virtue epistemologists and Duhem. In the light of this reconstruction of good sense, I will propose a possible way to interpret the concept of good sense, which overcomes the noted problems and fits better with Duhem’s views on scientific method and motivation in developing the concept of good sense.     

广义de Bruijn图中Euler回路和Hamilton圈的计数

讨论了广义de Bruijn图G_B(n.d)的线图的Euler回路的个数,从而给出G_B(n.d)的Hamilton圈的计数定理。     

鲤鱼抗寒良种的培育研究

通过黑龙江野鲤、荷包红鲤、散鳞镜鲤进行自交、杂交手段选育到F4．再应用雌核发育等先进育种技术手段选育到F7．培育成一个性状稳定,生长速度快25％,越冬成活率达95％以上,适合北方高寒地区特点和养殖条件,遗传性状和生产性能稳定的鲤鱼新品种．     

论《善女人行品》的叙事伦理

《善女人行品》是施蛰存的短篇小说集。施蛰存在这些小说中，通过不同叙事策略的选择，在心理分析和现实主义的基础上，展现了丈本背后一直被忽视的婚姻家庭故事和夫妻间的微妙关系，表现了作者潜意识中渴望构建的和谐新型的夫妻伦理关系，这也是乱世中的一种伦理诉求。