Biodiversity and biogeography of non-marine Mollusca on the islands of the Southern Ocean

There are no terrestrial and freshwater molluscs associated with Continental nor Maritime Antarctica. The malacofaunas of the cool-temperate and sub-Antarctic islands of the Southern Ocean are extremely depauperate, comprising a mere 68 site-records of 51 species from 27 genera in 13 families. The South Atlantic records are confined to the Falkland Islands, which harbour nine species (one bivalve, five pond snails and three terrestrial aliens), and South Georgia, where there is one Notodiscus sp. (Charopidae). The fauna of the South Indian Ocean islands of Prince Edward, Crozet, Kerguelen and Heard, comprises two alien slugs and endemic Notodiscus hookeri (Charopidae). The majority of species occur on the South Pacific Ocean Islands of Macquarie, Campbell, Auckland, Snares, Antipodes, Bounty and Chatham to the south and east of New Zealand. The Chatham fauna is dissimilar to that on the other South Pacific Islands, though both represent vicariant remnants of common South Pacific Is./New Zealand Athoracophoridae, Charopidae and Punctidae. There is, other than the broad South Indian Ocean distribution of Notodiscus hookeri, little evidence of Holocene dispersal and colonization. Indeed the Southern Ocean is an effective barrier and the different regional (South Atlantic/Indian/Pacific) faunas are principally vicariant and derived from local survivors of Pleistocene glaciation.     

硇洲岛沿海双壳类的种类组成和生态分布

本文报道了广东湛江硇洲岛沿海的双类软件动物９２种，隶属５４属２０科；介绍了硇洲岛的自然环境及潮汐；对双壳类的种类组成，生态分布，优势种和区系特点等进行了分析。     

A short-term culture method for chromosome preparation from somatic tissues of adult mussel (Mytilus edulis)

In order to improve the efficiency of mussel chromosome preparation, a tissue culture procedure has been developed. Mantle and foot explants were grown in tubes in media composed of Eagle's Basal Medium supplemented either with salts or seawater, enriched with egg yolk, adjusted to pH 7.50, and containing penicillin and streptomycin. After 4 days of incubation at 18°C, antibiotics were renewed and after 6–7 days, cultures were ready for harvesting and preparation of microscopical slides. The cultures were a source of actively dividing cells and consistent metaphase spreads were obtained. Evidence from BrdU incorporation suggested that cells could undergo several rounds of replication. The chromsome spreads were good enough for karyotyping and to successfully silver stain the nucleolar organizer regions.     

福建沿海双壳类区系的研究

本文记述了福建沿海双壳类１９２种、分隶于３１科９６属。福建沿海双壳类以热带、亚热带种占绝对优势。基本上属印度－西太平洋区系的范围。     

北培地区下三叠统飞仙关组的双壳类与古水流关系

重庆北培地区下三叠统飞仙关组泥灰岩中含量双壳类化石,其排列有一定规律。所研究的样本中,过壳味的壳体平分线与古水流方向一致,壳味相示水流方向。随机测量53个壳体,经数理统计,得出古水流方向应为294°,并证明贝壳层的沉积环境为泻湖潮坪上的潮渠。     

Poecilostome copepods associated with bivalve molluscs and a brachiopod at Hong Kong

Three species of poecilostomatoid copepods are reported as associates of bivalve molluscs and a brachiopod at Hong Kong: Parostrincola lingulae gen. nov., sp. nov., with the brachiopod Lingula anatina, Anthessius pinnae with the bivalve Pinna bicolor, and Panjakus platgyrae with Lingula anatina and the bivalve Atrina vexillum.     

Cryptic bivalves with descriptions of new species from the Rodrigues lagoon

This paper describes a number of new taxa in the Arcidae, Philobryidae, Mytilidae, Galeommatidae, Kelliidae, Cyamiidae, Carditidae, Thraciidae and Clavagellidae. A further 17 species are included as new to the malacofauna of Rodrigues. Most of the species included came from cryptic habitats, of which the most interesting are apparently cavernicolous and similar to those described from southern Japan. Other species were described from crevice or algal turf communities. The most understudied group is the Galeommatoidea with four species described as new and a further five with as yet unresolved taxonomy.     

The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait

Spheniopsis brasiliensis, from depths of 17–148 m off the southern Atlantic coast of Brazil, is a predator of epipsammic micro-crustaceans which it sucks into the infra-septal chamber using a raptorial inhalant siphon and internally generated hydrostatic suction forces. Prey items, which include ostracods, are thought to be pushed into the funnel-shaped mouth using the foot. The stomach is capacious with a short style sac conjoined briefly with the mid gut and possessing a stubby crystalline style. Internal stomach architecture is simplified, with no identifiable sorting areas (unlike other cuspidarioids) and lined virtually completely by a gastric shield. The exoskeletal remains of digested prey are held in the posterior end of the stomach and not in a specialised waste storage pouch as in the con-familial Grippina coronata. The mid gut, hind gut and rectum are all extremely narrow and, thus, only the smallest of faeces can be accommodated and transmitted for anal discharge. Spheniopsis brasiliensis, like G. coronata is a self-fertilising simultaneous hermaphrodite with encapsulated lecithotrophic eggs brooded internally. Both taxa are thus ovovivaporous. It is also believed that both taxa are univoltine so that larvae and the exoskeletal prey remains are all released post mortem. Cuspidariids are generally regarded as dioecious but, recently, Cardiomya costellata has been shown to be a non-brooding simultaneous hermaphrodite. The distinguishing characters between cuspidariids and spheniopsids thus appear to be their differing reproductive strategies and life history traits.