玉米瘤黑粉病药剂防治研究

通过室内筛选和田间试验 ,结果表明 ,稀唑醇为防治玉米瘤黑粉病较好的药剂 ,在玉米心叶末期撒稀唑醇与辛硫磷复配的颗粒剂 ,对玉米瘤黑粉病和玉米螟均有较好的防治效果 ,防效分别为 75 7%和 85 0 %。     

桔黄假单胞菌JD37对玉米、小麦的防病促生作用

从上海市郊农作物根际土壤中筛选到一株桔黄假单胞菌,命名为JD37,其对多种植物病原菌具有较强的拮抗作用.玉米幼苗的盆栽试验表明JD37能够显著促进玉米幼苗的生长.通过对玉米小斑病原菌和小麦赤霉病原菌的拮抗实验发现:其对两种病原菌具有较强的拮抗作用,形成的抑菌圈直径分别为39.6 mm、29.3 mm,同时推测该菌的代谢产物中可能含有抑菌活性物质.玉米、小麦的生防实验表明JD37菌具有较强的防病作用,生防效果分别达到43.63%、29.57%.本试验旨为开发JD37菌剂提供理论依据.     

麦根腐平脐蠕孢病菌的菌落变异研究

小麦根腐平脐蠕孢病菌在ＰＳＡ培养基上，极易发生菌落变异，变异后菌落呈半月形、扇形、放射形、不规则形。变异在培养中不稳定，可以恢复原菌落状态。变异后的菌落生长速度下降，菌体干重和产孢量降低，致病力明显低于不产生变异的菌株     

不同培养基对玉米小斑病菌生长繁殖及致病力的影响

采用燕麦、玉米、彼查、PDA及PDA＋宿主叶片、PDA＋VB1 7种固体培养基培养玉米小斑病菌C小种。结果表明，PDA＋VB1和PDA培养基表面加宿主叶片2种培养基培养的菌株，无论是菌丝生长速度、产孢量还是致病力均显著高于其他培养基，可用这2种培养基复壮、保存玉米小斑病菌C小种。     

重庆地区玉米圆斑病菌(Bipolaris carbonum Wilson)的分离鉴定

试验对重庆地区玉米圆斑病病原菌进行了分离、纯化和鉴定，同时进行了病原菌的致病性测定．病原菌的致病性测定结果表明：病原菌可直接侵入玉米的叶片，并于1周后表现出玉米圆斑病的典型症状．病原菌的培养性状及其分生孢子和分生孢子梗等形态特征的观察结果表明：重庆地区玉米圆斑病菌属半知菌亚门平脐蠕孢属炭色长孺孢（Bipolaris carbonum Wilson）．     

The pathogenic site of the C-toxin derived from Bipolaris maydis race C in maize(Zea mays)

Bipolaris maydis race C strain 523 (C523) induces severer leaf blight on cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS)-C maize than on normal (N) maize. Previously, a pathotoxin isolated from C523 (C-toxin) was shown to be responsible for the disease. To understand the basis of the differential responses between CMS-C and N maizes to this fungus, protein synthesisin vitro by mitochondria from N and CMS-C cytoplasms was monitored after their incubation in a solution containing the toxin (0.3%). Similar protein products were detected between the two alloplasmic lines, indicating that the toxin does not directly act on the mitochondrial membrane, nor inhibits the expression of mitochondrial genes. To further locate the action site of the toxin, intact leaves from both N and several subtypes of CMS-C lines were treated by 0.3% toxin. Analysis of electrolyte leakage of leaf cells showed that the leakage rates were similar to one another among the alloplasmic maize lines. In contrast, at a lower concentration of the toxin (0.05%), the leaf cells from CMS-C line were more susceptible to the toxin than those of the other lines. All these results indicate that the target of the toxin action appears to be the cellular-membrane rather than mitochondria, suggesting that the variable susceptibilities toB. maydis between the alloplasmic maize lines might be related to a difference in their cellular-membranes.     

真菌纤维二糖水解酶基因的克隆与表达研究

采用能够转化细菌和真菌的双功能质粒ｐＤＬ１，与部分酶切的糙皮侧耳（Ｐｌｅｕｒｏｔｕｓｏｓｔｒｅａｔｕｓ）基因组ＤＮＡ片段进行体外重组。再用重组质粒ＤＮＡ转化玉米黑粉菌（Ｕｓｔｉｌａｇｏ，ｍａｙｄｉｓ）的原生质体，在平皿上筛选抗新霉素的转化子，转化率达８００转化子／μｇＤＮＡ，由此在玉米黑粉菌中建立了糙皮侧耳的基因文库。随机选出１５个转化子提取其ＤＮＡ，以３２Ｐ标记的ｎｅｕｒ基因酶切片段作为探针进行打点杂交，全部显示阳性，证明抗性菌落不是来源于敏感细胞的回复突变。以李氏木霉（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｅｒｍａｒｅｅｓｅｉ）的纤维二糖水解酶（Ｃｅｌｌｏｂｉｏｈｙｄｒａｓｅｓ，简称ＣＢＨ）ＣＢＨⅡ基因末端片段为探针，从阳性克隆菌株中提取ＤＮＡ进行Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ转移并杂交，结果证明本研究已成功地克隆了糙皮侧耳纤维二糖水解酶ＣＢＨⅡ基因。基因的表达检测证明，克隆菌株具有纤维二糖水解酶活力。     

玉米须蚕茧提取物对糖尿病模型小鼠血糖的影响

目的探讨玉米须蚕茧提取物对糖尿病小鼠模型的降糖作用.方法采用尾静脉注射小剂量的四氧嘧啶造小鼠糖尿病模型,观察不同剂量的玉米须蚕茧提取物对小鼠血糖的影响.结果玉米须蚕茧提取物对该模型有较好的降糖作用,低剂量组血糖质量浓度为(139.46±40.97)cg/L,中剂量组血糖质量浓度为(142.00±46.65)cg/L,高剂量组血糖质量浓度为(144.23±36.89)cg/L,给药组血糖均与模型组血糖有显著差别(P0.05).结论玉米须蚕茧提取物对本糖尿病模型有较好的治疗作用.