行为疗法的起源、观点及应用

本文主要介绍了行为疗法的起源行为主义及先驱,主要治疗观点,治疗方法应用范围。通过系统脱敏疗法考试焦虑的个案,重点论述了系统脱敏疗法的原理,步骤。     

语言学习理论与交际法语言教学

本文从语言学习理论着手,论述了交际法语言教学的必要性和重要性,强调外语教学的主要目的在于帮助学生掌握语言进行交际,并对怎样进行交际法语言教学提出了一些建议。     

心理学的教学观与数学教学研究的述评

本文应用比较的方法综合评述了行为主义与认知主义心理学的发展与主要教学观,并用研究的范例解释了它们对数学教学研究的深远影响.     

The Passions of the soul and Descartes’s machine psychology

Descartes developed an elaborate theory of animal physiology that he used to explain functionally organized, situationally adapted behavior in both human and nonhuman animals. Although he restricted true mentality to the human soul, I argue that he developed a purely mechanistic (or material) ‘psychology’ of sensory, motor, and low-level cognitive functions. In effect, he sought to mechanize the offices of the Aristotelian sensitive soul. He described the basic mechanisms in the Treatise on man, which he summarized in the Discourse. However, the Passions of the soul contains his most ambitious claims for purely material brain processes. These claims arise in abstract discussions of the functions of the passions and in illustrations of those functions. Accordingly, after providing an intellectual context for Descartes’s theory of the passions, especially by comparison with that of Thomas Aquinas, I examine its ‘machine psychology’, including the role of habituation and association. I contend that Descartes put forth what may reasonably be called a ‘psychology’ of the unensouled animal body and, correspondingly, of the human body when the soul does not intervene. He thus conceptually distinguished a mechanistically explicable sensory and motor psychology, common to nonhuman and human animals, from true mentality involving higher cognition and volition and requiring (in his view) an immaterial mind.