培根与笛卡尔及其学说在晚清

将培根在中国的华文介绍的时间点提前至1826年,在中国内陆介绍的起点提前至1853年;首次对笛卡尔学说在晚清的传播情况作了梳理,指出关于笛卡尔在晚清的介绍经历了一个从数学家到哲学家的转变;讨论了甲午战争之后对二者哲学与科学方法论的提倡的社会原因与影响。     

试论王充与培根的科学精神

培根和王充都对归纳推论法作了较为详尽而系统的分析，他们对科学精神与归纳方法的认识既有一致性也有差异性，通过对比分析，可获知有关中国逻辑史研究的几点启示。     

达尔文的方法论与进化论争论

达尔文学说引起了如此广泛的激烈争论 ,是因为它所蕴含的方法论思想本身所具有的革命性质。由于它既不符合当时流行的培根传统 ,又不满足休厄尔和穆勒的方法论思想 ,甚至 ,波普尔对达尔文理论的方法论认识也经历了一个过程。达尔文的方法论是产生进化论争论的主要原因之一。     

弗兰西斯·培根"知识就是力量"新解

本文引用弗兰西斯·培根对“知识就是力量”的论证 ,阐明知识作为一种力量 ,不仅推动了近代　　欧洲社会的发展繁荣 ,在当代 ,随着社会的发展也有了新的内涵。文章指出 ,在知识经济时代 ,知识与人才是　　最重要的资源 ,只有尊重知识、尊重人才、改革教育 ,才能加快知识向科学技术、向生产力的转化 ,知识才能　　显示出巨大的力量。     

Kepler’s theory of the soul: a study on epistemology

Kepler is mainly known among historians of science for his astronomical theories and his approaches to problems having to do with philosophy of science and ontology. This paper attempts to contribute to Kepler studies by providing a discussion of a topic not frequently considered, namely Kepler’s theory of the soul, a general theory of knowledge whose central problem is what makes knowledge possible, rather than what makes knowledge true, as happens in the case of Descartes’s and Bacon’s epistemologies. Kepler’s theory consists of four issues: the theory of the different sorts of soul—that is, the human soul, the animal soul, the vegetable soul, and the Earth soul—concerning their faculties, the differences and the resemblances emerging among them, the relation they maintain with their own bodies and the world, and the distinction soul–world. The paper discusses these issues from a historical perspective, that is, it reconstructs the way they appear in three periods of Kepler’s career: the period prior to the publication of the Mysterium cosmographicum, the period from 1596 to 1611, and the period of the Harmonices mundi libri V. Finally, Kepler’s epistemology is briefly contrasted with Descartes’s and Bacon’s in order to suggest that Kepler’s could be seen as a third way to understand the philosophical origins of Modernity.     

The methodological origins of Newton’s queries

This paper analyses the different ways in which Isaac Newton employed queries in his writings on natural philosophy. It is argued that queries were used in three different ways by Newton and that each of these uses is best understood against the background of the role that queries played in the Baconian method that was adopted by the leading experimenters of the early Royal Society. After a discussion of the role of queries in Francis Bacon’s natural historical method, Newton’s queries in his Trinity Notebook are shown to reveal the influence of his early reading in the new experimental philosophy. Then after a discussion of Robert Hooke’s view of the role of queries, the paper turns to an assessment of Newton’s correspondence and Opticks. It is argued that the queries in his correspondence with Oldenburg on his early optical experiments are closely tied to an experimental program, whereas the queries in the Opticks are more discursive and speculative, but that each of these uses of queries represents a significant Baconian legacy in his natural philosophical methodology.