有色冶炼废渣的矿物学特征与环境活性

通过扫描电子显微镜与X射线衍射仪分析、BCR法三步连续提取及元素化学分析,对某有色冶炼废渣中重金属的赋存状态、环境活性及其释放机理进行研究。研究结果表明:废渣中主要有价金属为Fe,Zn,Cu,Pb,Ag和In等,主要毒害元素为Pb,Cd和As等。废渣矿物相中Fe主要以单质铁、铁的氧化物和硫化亚铁存在,Zn主要以闪锌矿存在,Pb主要以方铅矿存在,Cu和Cd主要以硫化矿物等形式存在;Ag和In则很可能以类质同相镶嵌在闪锌矿晶格中;废渣中Zn,Cd,Cu和Pb主要以残渣态为主;酸可提取态含量相对较低,而可还原态和可氧化态含量相对较高;在我国南方地区,酸沉降、微生物作用及原电池效应共同影响废渣中重金属的溶出,为生物浸出废渣中有价金属,实现其资源化和无害化提供了理论依据。     

Oncogenic mechanisms in myeloproliferative disorders

Myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs) are clonal haematopoietic malignancies involving the abnormal proliferation of myeloid lineages. The World Health Organisation (WHO) classification of haematopoietic malignancies distinguishes MPDs from myelodysplastic/ myeloproliferative disorders and systemic mastocytosis. These malignancies frequently involve constitutive tyrosine kinase activity, resulting from either oncogenic fusion protein production or from point mutations. Chronic myelogenous leukaemia is the model used for studies of the consequences of such molecular defects. However, the heterogeneity of the clinical course of MPDs should be seen in a more rationale conceptual framework, including the many molecular events associated with these diseases. This review focuses on the various tyrosine kinase-related molecular mechanisms underlying both MPDs and rare diseases with myeloproliferative features. We pay particular attention to the newly identified JAK2 V617F mutation in polycythaemia vera, essential thrombocythaemia and idiopathic myelofibrosis and deal with disease heterogeneity and putative additional molecular mechanisms. Received 9 June 2006; received after revision 28 July 2006; accepted 11 September 2006     

河泥分级连续提取液中CO32-与CI-的测定

离子色谱作为一种新的分析方法以其独特的优点可广泛应用于水、气、土壤、生物等环境苴洲领域.DX-120型离子色谱仅,采用液度淋洗,具有干扰少、简单、快速、样品用量少、灵敏度高、效果好.     

PDP玻璃中金属锌的环境溶出特性

通过BCR三步逐级提取法、TCLP程序和DTPA及EDTA生物可利用性提取法,对废弃等离子显示屏玻璃中金属锌的环境溶出特性进行研究。结果表明:废弃PDP玻璃前、后板中Zn的化学形态均以可交换与弱酸溶解态和可还原态为主,前板中可氧化态Zn含量高于残渣态,后板中则残渣态Zn含量高于可氧化态Zn含量。废弃PDP玻璃具有较高的环境浸出毒性,其中,Zn的高浸出毒性主要是由可交换与弱酸溶解态和可还原态决定的,前、后板中这2种形态Zn的浸出量分别占其浸出总量的91.06%和96.79%,而可氧化态和残渣态对其TCLP浸出毒性贡献不大。废弃PDP玻璃中Zn的生物有效提取绝对量较高,其中,后板中Zn的EDTA提取量高达812.17mg/kg,废弃PDP玻璃潜在的生物可利用性非常高。     

腐殖酸钠对贵州农业土壤中镉形态的影响

在土壤重金属污染治理中,镉（Cd）为最优先控制元素之一。通过实验室土壤培养试验,探究腐殖酸钠对贵州农业土壤中Cd有效态的影响。结果表明：HA-Na添加量在10%-60%时,对Cd的形态变化具有显著的影响,其影响程度与方向与其比例及浓度相关,且可交换态Cd在土壤中的占比与HA-Na的添加量呈负相关,不同地区土样最高降幅百分比均在50%以上;还原态Cd则与其呈正相关,增幅均在20%-40%左右,且还原态Cd在不同土样中其总占比均大于50%;氧化态Cd与残渣态则变化较为稳定。综合考虑成本与治理效果,最终确定0.2%为适宜添加量,可以一定程度上降低Cd的生物毒性。本实验结果为后期Cd污染土壤的治理提供了新思路及数据支撑。     

修建地下铁道的客运量预测与经济效益评价

本文以西直门——颐和园修建地下铁道为例,阐述了通过调查研究,分析历史统计资料,运用多种预测方法与技巧,预测地下铁道客运量问题。对修建地铁的消耗与效益从宏观和微观两方面进行定性分析与定量计算。按资金的时间价值,系统地计算评价经济效益的各项技术经济指标。文中涉及的理论与方法,可供城市交通建设项目决策参考。     

改进BCR法分析土壤和沉积物标准物质中锑的化学形态

采用改进BCR方法提取国家土壤成分分析标准物质(GBW07401,GBW07402)和水系沉积物成分分析标准物质(GBW07307,GBW07309)中的锑元素化学形态,用ICP-MS进行测定.各个形态含量之和与样品中元素总量测定值基本相符,回收率在108%~125%.同时以湖底沉积物顺序提取微量元素标准物质(GBW07436)作为质控样品验证方法的准确度,检测结果与标准值吻合良好.     

双色荧光定量PCR检测慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)患者BCR/ABL融合基因的表达

根据常见的BCR/ABL融合基因序列,分别设计合成检测BCR/ABL融合基因和ABL基因表达的TaqMan引物、探针,其中检测融合基因表达的探针标记FAM荧光素,检测ABL基因表达的探针标记HEX荧光素,检测BCR/ABL融合基因探针标记FAM荧光素的;提取患者骨髓细胞标本总RNA,逆转录成cDNA;以其为模板在同一PCR扩增管中同时进行两种基因的双色荧光定量PCR反应,分别定量测定BCR/ABL融合基因和ABL基因的表达量,并计算两种基因表达的比值;采用该基因检测技术检测20例CML患者BCR/ABL融合基因及ABL基因的表达量,与临床诊断结果对比,判断该技术在CML检测诊断中的价值.成功地建立了双色荧光定量PCR技术方法,在20例患者中检出18例融合基因阳性,检测阳性率90％.     

The study on BCR/ABL fusion gene in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia

In order to assess the significance of BCR/ABC fusion gene in adult acute lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), 28 patients who were diagnosed as ALL were enrolled to detect BCR/ABC gene using nested-RT-PCR. The results showed that 9 cases (31.25%) were BCR/ABL positive, and expressed P210 subtype. Among them 7 cases were B-ALL, and one was T-ALL. The diagnosis was proved by monoclonal antibodies recognition by indirect immunofluorescence. Adult patients with BCR/ABL positive ALL were significantly older (p<0.01) and had higher WBC count (p<0.01) as compared with BCR/ABL-negative patients. There was no significant difference in sex, hemoglobin and splenomegaly between two group (p>0.05). The induction failure rate was high in BCR/ABL positive patients and those who achieved complete remission usually relapsed earlier. In conclusion, adult ALL patients with BCR/ABL-positive have poorer prognosis. Biography: Li Hui-yu(1960-), female, M.S., research direction: hematology melucular     

砷矿区受污染土壤中As赋存形态分析

对云南省楚雄州某废弃砷矿区的土壤采取4个样品进行分析,采用BCR法对该矿区土壤中砷的弱酸提取态、可还原态和可氧化态、总态4种存在形态进行提取研究.结果表明该砷矿区土壤重金属最大含量达465.125 5 mg/kg,从砷的存在形态来看,主要以残渣态砷为主,含量达280.2 mg/kg,占到砷含量的67.11%.该矿区土壤已经受到严重污染,且以残渣态砷为主,属于难处理废物,对当地的水环境和土壤健康存在环境风险.