板蓝根粗提液抑制流感病毒的实验研究

对板蓝根凝聚粗提液的抗流感病毒作用进行了研究。用丙酮脱脂提取板蓝根生药的凝集素，并分别测定各样品的血凝活性，并用45.3mg/mL的样品对流感病毒（A1／京防／97－53H1N1，A1／京防／262／95）进行了体外抑制试验。结果表明：板蓝根凝集素对流感病毒具有显著的直接杀灭作用和预防作用及较好的治疗作用，而且得出抑制流感病毒的效果与板蓝根凝集素血凝活性的高低有关。     

The behaviour of Cotinis nitida Linnaeus,the green June beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), on mowed lawns makes them especially vulnerable to bird predators

ABSTRACT

Males of the green June beetle Cotinis nitida are regularly attacked by birds as they search for females on lawns but which bird species feeds on the beetle changes from year to year. In 2018 for the first time on a farm in northern Virginia, brown thrashers (Toxostomum rufum) joined blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata) as major predators of the beetles. The two species employed very different tactics when hunting for June beetles, with the thrashers searching while walking forward on the mowed lawn while the jays scanned for beetles when perched in trees about the lawn. The beetles became very scarce at the lawn in early July in 2017 and 2018 and their predators apparently moved elsewhere. Subsequently, male beetles were occasionally observed patrolling a nearby hayfield in search of mates with rare copulations recorded after July 15. Because predatory birds could not exploit the beetles in the tall grass of the hayfield it seems likely that the mowed lawn constituted an evolutionarily novel ecological trap which made searching beetles conspicuous and easily captured by beetle-hunting birds.     

应用负压隔离器和SPF鸡制备特异性高免禽类抗血清

负压隔离器是目前国外广泛用于动物实验的先进设备。其优点是能保证实验结果的可靠性。提高实验水平并能防止污染环境。我国最近才从国外引进了这一先进设备应用于动物实验,取得了一些成果。我们应用负压隔离器和SPF鸡制备高质量禽类抗血清取得了成功,用12种禽类抗原测定了抗血清的特异性。结果表明抗血清的特异性和滴度均达到了设计要求。完全可以用于各和血清学的诊断和研究。     

禽白血病研究进展

禽白血病(AL)是由病毒引起的一种肿瘤性传染病,感染率高,发病率低,是危害养鸡业的主要疾病之一[1].本文主要介绍了其病原学、流行病学、诊断、预防等几个方面的研究近况,旨在加强对禽白血病的防制.     

鸡禽流感母源抗体的消长规律及其免疫效果研究

为探讨科学的鸡禽流感免疫程序,对1～28日龄的土杂肉鸡和罗曼蛋鸡进行禽流感母源抗体检测,以及对雏鸡接种禽流感油乳剂疫苗后的HI抗体水平变化进行了监测。结果表明,两种雏鸡的母源抗体水平在1日龄时均达最高值,然后逐渐下降;肉鸡11日龄后H5、H9抗体滴度分别降低到4.2log2和4.3log2以下;蛋鸡28日龄后H5、H9...     

樱桃谷鸭巴氏杆菌病的防治措施

禽巴氏杆菌病是禽类的一种高度接触性传染病.本文介绍了一起病例的发病概况、病理变化、诊断及防治措施.     

A taxonomic review of avian piroplasms of the genus Babesia Starcovici, 1893 (Apicomplexa: Piroplasmorida: Babesiidae)

The validity of avian species of Babesia is reviewed and 13 species recognized. Slides from records of Babesia in the literature have been re-examined and their status determined. Erroneous published records have been addressed. Previously regarded piroplasms of the genera Babesiosoma and Haemohormidium are reappraised and their relationship to Babesia and the Aegyptianella-Rickettsia group of organisms discussed. Host-specificity, pathogenicity and vectors are also discussed.     

浅谈禽病ELISA操作技术

在疾病监控方面,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)技术是应用最为广泛的血清学检测技术,禽病ELISA抗体检测试剂已经大量应用到SPF鸡微生物学监测中。ELISA不仅操作技术上有一定的要求,而且影响因素也较多,如不注意有可能导致试验结果不准确。因此,将禽病检测过程中,ELISA操作各环节需注意的问题归纳总结,与各位同仁一起交流学习。     

兔圆小囊抗菌肽对鸡新城疫病毒及禽流感病毒血清抗体水平影响的研究

选择90只1日龄星杂蛋鸡随机分为两组,实验组在7、14、21、28、35、42、49日龄时分别胸肌注射无菌处理过的兔圆小囊抗菌肽0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.5、0.5mg,对照组同时分别注射相同体积的灭菌生理盐水。常规免疫后,分别于第7、14、21、28、35、42、56日龄采血分离血清,实验组及对照组均随机抽取10只鸡的血清进行血凝抑制实验(HI),分别测定NDV和AIV血清抗体的血凝抑制效价。结果显示:实验组NDV和AIV血清抗体水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。表明兔圆小囊抗菌肽可显著提高鸡新城疫弱毒苗及禽流感灭活苗的抗体水平。     

Urban structure and the risk of influenza A （H1N1） outbreaks in municipal districts

Changsha was one of the most affected areas during the 2009 A （H 1N 1） influenza pandemic in China. Here, we analyze the spatial-temporal dynamics of the 2009 pan- demic across Changsha municipal districts, evaluate the relationship between case incidence and the local urban spatial structure and predict high-risk areas of influenza A （H1NI）. We obtained epidemiological data on all cases of influenza A （H1NI） reported across municipal districts in Changsha dur- ing period May 2009-December 2010 and data on population density and basic geographic characteristics for 239 primary schools, 97 middle schools, 347 universities, 96 mails and markets, 674 business districts and 121 hospitals. Spatial- temporal K functions, proximity models and logistic regres- sion were used to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of influenza A （H1N1） incidence and the association between influenza A （HINI） cases and spatial risk factors and predict the infection risks. We found that the 2009 influenza A （H 1N 1 ） was driven by a transmission wave from the center of the study area to surrounding areas and reported cases increased significantly after September 2009. We also found that the distribution of influenza A （H 1N1） cases was associ- ated with population density and the presence of nearest public places, especially universities （OR = 10.166）. The final pre- dictive risk map based on the multivariate logistic analysis showed high-risk areas concentrated in the center areas of the study area associated with high population density. Our find- ings support the identification of spatial risk factors and high- risk areas to guide the prioritization of preventive and miti- gation efforts against future influenza pandemics.