Impact of the closure of Indonesian seaway on climate: A numerical modeling study

Using a global OGCM and its relevant coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM with the contemporary, 6 MaBP and 14 MaBP oceanic topography, respectively, a series of numerical experiments are implemented in order to investigate the effect of the north shift of Australian continent on the tropical oceanic circulation, especially the formation of the western Pacific warm pool. The numerical experiments of the individual OGCM forced by the modern atmospheric circulation indicate that the closure of Indonesian passage results in warming in the tropical Pacific Ocean and cooling in the tropical Indian Ocean; furthermore, it also results in change in source of the Indonesian Through Flow (ITF) water, e.g. ITF mainly originates from the south Pacific at 14 MaBP, but it mainly originates from the north Pacific now. The coupled model shows similar results as the individual OGCM qualitatively.     

铝制沐浴水热回收器的初步设计

对一种新型的铝制沐浴水热回收器进行初步设计。该沐浴水热回收器具有成本低,回收效率高等优点。介绍其工作原理,并以某三口之家为例,计算该热回收器的节能效益。结合沐浴水余热使用情况不合理的现状,讨论其发展前景。     

When and how did plate tectonics begin？ Theoretical and empirical considerations

Plate tectonics is the horizontal motion of Earth’s thermal boundary layer (lithosphere) over the convecting mantle (asthenosphere) and is mostly driven by lithosphere sinking in subduction zones. Plate tectonics is an outstanding example of a self organizing, far from equilibrium complex system (SOFFECS), driven by the negative buoyancy of the thermal boundary layer and controlled by dissipation in the bending lithosphere and viscous mantle. Plate tectonics is an unusual way for a silicate planet to lose heat, as it exists on only one of the large five silicate bodies in the inner solar system. It is not known when this mode of tectonic activity and heat loss began on Earth. All silicate planets probably experienced a short-lived magma ocean stage. After this solidified, stagnant lid behavior is the common mode of planetary heat loss, with interior heat being lost by delamination and “hot spot” volcanism and shallow intrusions. Decompression melting in the hotter early Earth generated a different lithosphere than today, with thicker oceanic crust and thinner mantle lithosphere; such lithosphere would take much longer than at present to become negatively buoyant, suggesting that plate tectonics on the early Earth occurred sporadically if at all. Plate tectonics became sustainable (the modern style) when Earth cooled sufficiently that decompression melting beneath spreading ridges made thin oceanic crust, allowing oceanic lithosphere to become negatively buoyant after a few tens of millions of years. Ultimately the question of when plate tectonics began must be answered by informa- tion retrieved from the geologic record. Criteria for the operation of plate tectonics includes ophiolites, blueschist and ultra-high pressure metamorphic belts, eclogites, passive margins, transform faults, paleomagnetic demonstration of different motions of different cratons, and the presence of diagnostic geochemical and isotopic indicators in igneous rocks. This record must be interpreted individually; I interpret the record to indicate a progression of tectonic styles from active Archean tectonics and magmatism to something similar to plate tectonics at ~1.9 Ga to sustained, modern style plate tectonics with deep subduction——and powerful slab pull——beginning in Neoproterozoic time.     

数值沉积模拟在澳大利亚W区块沉积储层研究中的应用

利用古环境、古生物年龄、钻井岩性、岩心等资料，应用DinosoS软件对澳欠利亚W区块的Elang—Frigate组进行了数值沉积模拟。研究区重点层位Elang-Frigate组共划分为3个层序，海平面为向上脉动加深变化形式，东南方为主要物源方向．通过各个层序的构造图以及井资料读取的各个层序的残露厚度，利用软件自动·趺复古地貌、古构造的功能，得到了相对真实的沉积背景，利用这些参数进行了三维数值模拟，进一步得到了本地区沉积体系的时空展布特征。结果显示，该区的三角洲－河口湾沉积体系，具有早期浪控、晚期潮控，近源扇三角洲、相对远源三角洲的复合型沉积特点。     

降低海南铁矿烧结固体燃耗的研究

对海南铁矿烧结燃耗高的原因及降低燃耗的途径进行了研究．试验结果表明：用３０％澳矿代替海南粉矿，燃耗从１０１．８ｋｇ／ｔ降到９０．２５ｋｇ／ｔ；添加０．０３％添加剂，随着料层高度增加，节能效果变得明显，但是当料层高度超过４５０ｍｍ时，生产率降低；焦粉分加，可使焦粉配比由７．０％降到６．２％～６．５％，燃耗由９６．６５ｋｇ／ｔ降到８３．２５ｋｇ／ｔ．     

Genetic determinants of individual differences in avoidance learning: Behavioral and endocrine characteristics

Bidirectional genetic selection for good and poor active avoidance learning in a shuttle box has been carried out in three independent laboratories using remarkably similar discrete-trial training procedures. The resulting strains are known as the Roman High and Low Avoidance (RHA and RLA), the Syracuse High and Low Avoidance (SHA and SLA) and the Australian High and Low Avoidance (AHA and ALA) strains, respectively. An additional unidirectionally selected strain, known as the Tokai High Avoider (THA) strain was developed in Japan using a free-operant Sidman avoidance procedure in a Skinner box. This paper reviews the selection of the Syracuse strains, enumerates the various behavioral and endocrine characteristics of the strains, and compares them to the other similarly selected strains. The behavioral work suggests that genetic selection from diverse breeding stocks has resulted in common characteristics that differentiate the strains in the emotional, not learning, domain. The endocrine data, however, are somewhat at odds. The Syracuse strains differentiate one way with respect to endocrine function, and the Roman strains differentiate in the opposite way. We suggest, therefore, that the endocrine correlates are not tightly linked to the avoidance genotype. Genetic analysis of all of the selected strains for both the avoidance phenotype and the endocrine correlates will be needed to test this hypothesis.Preparation of this paper was supported by research grant MH-39230-3 from the National Institute of Mental Health.     

澳大利亚建筑中的室内空气品质

室内空气品质(IAQ)是一个重要的健康、环境和经济问题,能否提供一个“安全”的工作环境已经成为公众健康的焦点。介绍了澳大利亚建筑中的室内空气品质状况及常用的IAQ评价和控制指标。     

中美澳大学生英语抱怨言语行为对比研究

恰当、有效地使用英语抱怨语是体现英语学习者是否具备良好的外语交际能力的一个重要方面。通过语篇补全式问卷调查法对20位就读于云南师范大学外语学院的中国英语学习者和15位母语为英语的美国和澳大利亚大学生的抱怨语进行了语料收集和对比、分析。发现两个受试群体的英语抱怨语有一定的共性,但也存在较大的差异。因此,针对中国英语学习者在实施抱怨中出现的语用方面的失误,提出了加强对中国英语学习者语用能力培养的一些建议。     

平板尺寸对NexGen燃烧器冲击射流换热特性的影响研究

NexGen燃烧器是美国联邦航空管理局(federal aviation administration,FAA)指定的用于动力装置防火试验的燃烧器。为了研究平板尺寸L与冲击间距Z之比(L/Z)为4、5和6的情况下对平板的温度、努塞尔数和热流分布的影响,采用商用Fluent软件模拟了NexGen燃烧器火焰射流冲击平板的过程,分析了火焰冲击平板的流场;并对不同L/Z下平板的表面温度、努塞尔数和热流的分布规律进行了研究。同时,对平板表面危险点的分布情况做出了预判,得出危险点主要集中在以平板几何中心为中心的0.15 m×0.2 m范围内。