Mitochondrial DNA evidence for the 19th century introduction of African honey bees into the United States

Since the introduction of an African subspecies into Brazil in the mid-1950's¹, descendent Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) have spread throughout the Neotropics and into temperate North America. Restriction enzyme analysis of 422 feral honey bee colonies collected from non-Africanized areas in the southern United States revealed that over 21% of them had mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) derived from a European race established in North America by the 17th century, 77% of them had mtDNA common in honey bees maintained by beekeepers and about 1% exhibited African mtDNA. Further analysis revealed that the African mtDNA was derived from a north African subspecies imported to the US in the 19th century.     

四个意大利蜜蜂品系苹果酸脱氢酶Ⅱ基因的遗传差异分析

研究了意大利蜜蜂(A.m.ligustica)4个王浆、蜂蜜生产性能不同品系-美意(Em)、澳意(Eo)、苏意(Es)和平湖浆蜂(Ep)的MDHⅡ同工酶基因型频率、基因频率及杂合纯合度.试验发现,MDHⅡ的a、b、c三个等位基因在4个品系中出现的频率不同.c在Em、Eo、Es和Ep中的基因频率分别为0.507、0.483、0.680和0.820,为优势等位基因.该结果表明在产浆性能高的品系中c基因频率较高,意味着可将c基因频率作为意蜂王浆产量性能的一个遗传标记.等位基因a在Em、Eo、Es和Ep中频率分别为0.323、0.263、0.193和0.087;在Em中出现的频率最高.而等位基因b在Eo中频率(0.253)高于其他3个品系(Em,0.170;Es,0.127;Ep,0.093).Ep的纯合度最高,达0.753,高于Em(0.533)、Eo(0.633)和Es(0.540).经独立性检验,4个意蜂品系MDHⅡ同工酶的基因型频率、基因频率、纯合度均达到极显著差异水平.     

中华蜜蜂工蜂上颚腺的超微结构

对中华蜜蜂工蜂上颚腺超微结构的电镜观察,发现上颚腺呈囊状,胞内管和胞外管的管壁由3层结构组成。细胞连接为隔壁桥粘连接。核为卯圆形,腺细胞内含有许多核糖体和粗面内质网,滑面内质网也存在。线粒体和高尔基复合体也被观察到。     

Genetic study on the behavior of honeybees influenced by polyandry system

Within a honeybee population, due to polyandry, there are supersister and halfsister relations, thus many subfamilies exist. For the Chinese honeybee (Apis cerana cerana F.) a phylogenetic dendrogram has been constructed in which 4 subfamilies are clustered based on DNA fingerprint patterns. And it has been observed that each kind of workers is distributed to several dierent sub-families.     

中华蜜蜂工蜂中肠响应东方蜜蜂微孢子虫胁迫的高表达基因分析

为探究高表达基因(highly expressed gene,HEG)在中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana cerana,简称中蜂)工蜂中肠响应东方蜜蜂微孢子虫(Nosema ceranae)胁迫过程的表达谱及作用,利用RNAseq技术对正常中蜂工蜂中肠(Ac7CK和Ac10CK)及N.ceranae胁迫7 d和10 d的中肠(Ac7T和Ac10T)进行深度测序、生物信息学分析和分子生物学验证.共测得1 809 736 786条raw reads,经质控得到1 562 162 742条clean reads. Ac7CK、Ac7T、Ac10CK和Ac10T的共有HEG为2 074个,特有HEG分别为89、283、156和78个.Ac7T和Ac10T的特有HEG分别涉及35和28个功能条目,以及39和37条代谢通路.RT-PCR结果证实了8个共有HEG的真实表达.上述结果表明,宿主的物质和能量代谢、细胞和体液免疫均受到不同程度的激活,二者间存在密切的相互作用.研究结果解析了中蜂工蜂中肠响应N.ceranae胁迫的HEG表达谱及潜在作用.     

中华蜜蜂幼虫肠道响应球囊菌胁迫的可变剪切基因分析

基于前期已获得的中华蜜蜂(简称中蜂)幼虫肠道转录组数据,利用TopHat2软件在正常(AcCK)及球囊菌胁迫的中蜂幼虫肠道样品(AcT1、AcT2、AcT3)中共鉴定出发生于9124个基因的57327个可变剪切事件,其中以基因间(17.68%)、可变3′端剪切(15.32%)、外显子跨越(14.12%)和可变5′端剪切(12.81%)类型为主.Venn分析结果显示4个肠道样品的共有可变剪切基因数为8111个,特有可变剪切基因数分别为272、189和385个.GO分类结果显示共有可变剪切基因涉及47个条目,AcT1、AcT2、AcT3的特有可变剪切基因分别富集于24、20和34个条目.KEGG代谢通路富集分析结果显示,共有可变剪切基因富集在327个代谢通路,基因富集数最多的是RNA转运、内质网蛋白加工及核糖体;AcT1、AcT2、AcT3的特有可变剪切基因分别富集在22、46和83个代谢通路.结果揭示了可变剪切基因在宿主的胁迫响应过程中的重要作用.     

In situ hybridization of rDNA on chromosomes of the honeybee,Apis mellifera L.

DNA probes containing the repeated rDNA region ofDrosophila melanogaster (coding for e.g. 28S and 18S rRNA) hybridized in situ to distinct regions of two heterologous mitotic chromosomes of the honeybee, identifying the nucleolus organizing regions (NORs). The method allows a rapid establishment of a physical map ofApis mellifera using other DNA probes ofDrosophila. This is the first report on well-defined chromosomal markers in the honeybee.     

意蜂工蜂酸性磷酸酶的分离纯化及动力学研究

酸性磷酸酶在自然界中分布很广 .从低等生物大肠杆菌、酵母到高等动植物组织、体液以及人类肝脏、前列腺内都发现有ＡＣＰａｓｅ的存在[1～ 3] .目前人们对生物组织ＡＣＰａｓｅ已有相当广泛的研究 .但对昆虫类特别是蜜蜂的ＡＣＰａｓｅ研究报道较少 .为此 ,我们比较了工蜂、蜂蜜、蜂王浆和蜂蛹的ＡＣＰａｓｅ活力大小 ,并对工蜂ＡＣＰａｓｅ在分离纯化的基础上 ,对其动力学特性进行了初步研究 .该结果对于深入探讨蜜蜂在各发育周期内的代谢活动以及该酶的诱导、调节机制具有重要意义 .1　材料和方法1.1　材料鲜雄蜂虫蛹 (8日龄 )、鲜蜂蜜、…     

Metabolism of endosulfan in the Indian honey bee

Summary Metabolism of topical endosulfan in the Indian honey bee,Apis cerana indica F., was studied. The two endosulfan isomers were found to be interconvertible in bees. The products of metabolism were endosulfan sulfate, diol, ether, hydroxyether, lactone and two unknown compounds. Endosulfan diol, hydroxyether and lactone were found to be conjugated in excreta of the treated bees.Acknowledgment. Authors are grateful to the department of Horticulture and Food Technology for providing gas chromatography facilities.