鳙鱼(Aristichthys nobilis)外周血细胞的细微结构

本文用光镜(Wright氏染色和组化反应)和透射电镜观察鳙鱼外周血细胞.在Wright’s染色的血涂片上,可以区分:红细胞、淋巴细胞、血栓细胞、单核细胞和颗粒细胞.淋巴细胞是数目最多的白细胞,而单核细胞的数目较少.电镜观察下,红细胞的细胞器较少,只有一些囊泡样体和少量线粒体.血栓细胞由于有大量的液泡和边周微管而与小淋巴细胞有较大区别.虽然单核细胞在体积和形态上酷似颗粒细胞,但单核细胞有更丰富的粗面内质网和游离核糖体,而颗粒细胞含更多的特殊颗粒.颗粒细胞有两种类型:Ⅰ型颗粒细胞和Ⅱ型颗粒细胞.这两种颗粒细胞都是嗜中性粒细胞,是同一种细胞的不同发育时期.本文还描述了这两种颗粒细胞的重要特征.     

Genetic Diversity of Three Aristichthys nobilis Populations and One Inbreeding Stock

Genetic diversity of three Aristichthys nobilis populations and one inbreeding stock was studied using random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)method. Materials of natural populations were collected from two counties of Guangxi Province, Hengxian (NH) and Shanglin (NS) and one city of Hubei Province, Wuhan city.(NW). Shanglin and Hengxian's river system respectively belongs to Qianjiang and Yujiang River, two tributaries confluencing to Xunjiang River, main tributary of Xijiang River, which is the biggest tributary of the Zhujiang River system, and Wuhan's water system belongs to the Yangtse River system. The inbreeding stock (RS) was the more than 10 generation descendant by brother-sister mating system whose parents were collected from Shanglin. The results showed that the genetic variety of individuals of RS was very low (0.105 4), whereas that of natural populations was relatively high,which from high to low was 0.158 1 (NW), 0.132 0 (NH) and 0.110 5 (NS). As an index for genetic distance pair-wise populations, the genetic variety between populations was studied, which characterized the genetic distance between populations. The genetic distance of NW and NH, NW and NS, NW and RS were respectively high, whereas that of NH and NS, NS and RS, NH and RS was low. Chi-test(χ2) and the analysis of the genetic variety pair-wise populations was taken as efficient approach for studying population difference.     

五角枫挥发物的提取鉴定及黄斑星天牛对主要组分的触角电位反应

在确定新疆伊犁地区黄斑星天牛成虫嗜食寄主的基础上,利用GC-MS技术鉴定五角枫嫩枝和叶片的挥发物组分,并利用触角电位反应测定成虫对主要挥发物的电生理活性.研究结果表明,在多寄主植物混栽区,黄斑星天牛成虫更偏好取食五角枫的嫩枝补充营养,更喜好在旱柳和复叶槭枝干上刻槽产卵.从五角枫挥发物中共鉴定到34种化合物,其中萜烯类和酯类物质是主要组分,相对含量分别占挥发物组成的70.49%和23.94%.(Z)-β-罗勒烯、桧烯、β-石竹烯、α-水芹烯和乙酸-顺-3-己烯酯在挥发物组成中所占的比例较高,分别达21.07%、19.59%、7.35%、13.58%和12.99%.在10 mg·mL~(-1)质量浓度下,雌虫对β-石竹烯的EAG反应显著高于其他供试气味物质,雄虫对乙酸乙酯和α-蒎烯的EAG反应最为强烈,雄虫对α-蒎烯和乙酸乙酯的EAG反应显著高于雌虫;雌虫对β-石竹烯和2-甲基丁酸-顺-3-己烯酯的EAG反应显著高于雄虫.本试验在黄斑星天牛成虫感受信息化学物质的角度分析了成虫偏好五角枫的原因,对利用化学生态手段调控该虫的危害具有一定的理论指导意义.     

鲢鱼（Aristichthys nobilis）鱼精蛋白的纯化和鉴定

采用Sephadex G-50凝胶层析、GM-Sepharose CL 6B离子交换层析及反相高压液相色谱等步骤从鲢鱼鱼精蛋白的粗品中分离得到一种具有抗菌活性的蛋白质。经SDS－PAGE及生物质谱鉴定,该蛋白质为单一组份,分子量为13331.9.Da。该蛋白分子中碱性氨基酸总量为33．4％,N－末端序列为NH2－Pro-Gln-Arg-His-Lys。     

Rapid establishment of pure lines of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molirix) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis)

The diversity of gynogenetic, artificial sex reversal and natural silver carp and bighead carp is examined using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method.All of the 187 bands are obtained and 19 (10.16%) of them are polymorphic in gynogenetic silver carp.Meanwhile 32 (15.61%) out of 205 bands are polymorphic in control group.In gynogenetic bighead carp a total of 232 bands are identified and 11 (4.74%) out of them are polymorphic, while 25 (10.37%) out of 241 bands are polymorphic in control group.The genetic distance of four populations is calculated and it is 0.102 and 0.023 for gynogenetic silver carp and gynogenetic bighead carp respectively.The values of natural silver carp and bighead carp are 0.161 and 0.104.From the UPGMA trees constructed based on genetic distance, the sex reversal individuals that match with the gynogenetic female individuals are picked out.A new breeding process of establishing a pure line is developed.     

不夜城芦荟的组织培养与植株再生研究

研究了不夜城芦荟(Aloe nobilis Haw.)的组织培养与快速繁殖．结果表明，建立无菌体系，使用MS 6-BA2 NAA0.2 30g/L蔗糖培养基为最佳，快速繁殖阶段使用MS 6-BA1 NAA0.2 30g/L蔗糖培养基为最佳，诱导生根用l/2MS NAA0.6 30g/L蔗糖培养基，20-30d内可以长出4—6条根．     

广西龙胜油茶枯叶蛾生物学特性研究

于 1995年至 1999年在广西龙胜县的油茶林内设 10块样地 (长×宽 =2 0 m× 2 0 m )观察油茶枯叶蛾 (L ebedanobilis Walker)的生活历期和习性 ,并从林间采回卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫于纱笼中饲养观察油茶枯叶蛾的生活史 ,以及各世代蛹、成虫、卵、幼虫出现期和终期。结果表明 ,在广西龙胜县 1年 1代 ,以初孵幼虫在卵壳内越冬 ,翌年 3月中旬当气温升至 18℃～ 2 2℃时 ,幼虫破壳而出 ;幼虫 7龄 ,发育历期 12 0 d～ 15 0 d。5龄开始食量增加 ,6龄～ 7龄为暴食阶段 ,油茶枯叶蛾幼虫一生食叶量 30 0片～ 35 0片 ,其中 4龄以前 2 0片～ 2 5片 ,5龄 30片～ 40片 ,6龄6 0片～ 10 0片 ,7龄 16 0片～ 170片 ,特别是 7龄 ,其食叶量约占终生食叶量的 70 %。8月中旬开始吐丝结茧 ,9月下旬至 10月上旬成虫羽化。     

黄斑星天牛产卵刻槽的空间分布格局及抽样技术

黄斑星天牛是新疆伊犁部分地区杨树、柳树、榆树等树种的主要蛀干性害虫.通过判断空间分布型聚集度的5项指标,并利用Iwao M*-m回归分析法、Taylor幂法则对黄斑星天牛产卵刻槽的空间分布型和抽样技术进行了研究,研究结果表明黄斑星天牛的产卵刻槽在柳树上呈聚集分布,Iwao M*-m回归方程M*=5.24+1.03m(r=0.998 2),利用回归方程中的两个参数值α、β,计算在不同允许误差下(0.1,0.2,0.3)的抽样数公式N0.1=239 7.16/m+11.52,N0.2=599.29/m+2.88,N0.3=266.35/m+1.28,计算了黄斑星天牛产卵刻槽在不同密度下的最适抽样数,并制作了序贯抽样分析表,对在生产实践中根据人力、物力确定调查样本数、制定防治指标都有一定的借鉴意义.     

鳙鱼活性多肽酶法制备工艺研究

为优化鳙鱼活性多肽酶法制备工艺,分析了鳙鱼肉糜预处理温度和酶解温度对水解度的影响,确定了最佳的预处理条件为85℃水浴中加热预处理20 min,酶解温度设为55～75℃.经均匀设计实验优选和最优条件验证实验证实,以氮溶指数为指标的最优酶解条件为:酶解时间8.0 h,固液比1∶4.25,蛋白酶A用量3‰,酶解温度75℃,产物氮溶指数达80.54%;以多肽得率为指标的最优酶解条件为:酶解时间8.0 h,固液比1∶2,蛋白酶A用量3‰,酶解温度75℃,产物多肽得率达11.92%;以产物总抗氧化指数为指标的最优酶解条件为:酶解时间1.0 h,固液比1∶6,蛋白酶A用量3‰,酶解温度55℃,所得产物总抗氧化指数达87.42‰.     

不夜城的快速繁殖

以不夜城幼茎为材料，经表面消毒后接种于诱导培养基上，4周左右出现不定芽不定芽在壮苗培养基上培养2周转至生根培养基上，又经3周长出完整根系，再生根株炼苗后移栽到基质中，移栽成活率为90％。