Advertisement calls of Neotropical poison frogs (Amphibia: Dendrobatidae) of the genera Colostethus,Dendrobates and Epipedobates,with notes on dendrobatid call classification

The advertisement calls of the following Neotropical poison frog species (Dendrobatidae) are described: Colostethus brunneus, Dendrobates imitator yurimaguensis, D. leucomelas and two populations referable to Epipedobates boulengeri. Oscillograms, audiospectrograms and measurements of vocalizations are provided. Advertisement calls of C. brunneus are similar to possible related species, while D. leucomelas vocalizations deviate from suggested phylogenetic relatives. Advertisement calls of D. imitator yurimaguensis do not differ from those of D. i. imitator ; the validity of the former is doubted. Bioacoustics provide evidence that E. boulengeri could probably comprise a complex of at least two species. Five formerly suggested call types are re-defined using measurable characters. As far as possible, the 71 dendrobatid frog species for which advertisement calls have been described are allocated.     

性别差异对广告创意元素的导向性研究

广告是通过刺激消费神经,缔结商家与消费者情缘的丘比特的神箭.为了打动消费者,广告的消费群不同,广告创意的元素和内容也就不同.因为男女生理上的差异,进而导致男女心理上的差异,而心理上的差异也就造成了人对事物看法和行为模式的差异,这样导致男女对同一种商品的消费兴趣和注意力也不同.因此,同样一个产品,面对消费者的性别不同,那么它的广告创意的各种元素和内容也要随着性别差异而不同,要打动消费者,要针对消费者性别的差异来制作针对性的广告.     

Vocalizations of the Brazilian torrent frog Hylodes heyeri (Anura: Hylodidae): Repertoire and influence of air temperature on advertisement call variation

In this study we analysed the acoustic activity of Hylodes heyeri in areas of Atlantic Forest, in southern Brazil. Observations were made in November 2001 and from January to April 2002, at Estação II Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, municipality of Morretes, State of Paraná. Males displayed three different vocalizations: advertisement calls, territorial calls, and courtship calls. Temporal and spectral parameters of advertisement and territorial calls were analysed, along with call intensity. The duration of the advertisement call showed a negative correlation with air temperature, with males decreasing the duration of advertisement calls at higher temperatures. Male body size was not correlated with any of the acoustic parameters. Details on habitat use, distances to nearest vocalizing neighbour, and daily calling activity are also included.     

诗与画的交融--论广告词与广告画面的关联

本文基于诗与画的规定，探讨了诗与画的重要关系．揭示了广告设计中广告词与广告画面的关联，一方面，广告词在广告中具有极其重要的作用及广告画面对广告的影响；另一方面．就词与画的关联提出一些值得注意的问题。由此说明只有诗与画的融合，才能达到广告美的至境。无视这些，将无助于增进对广告词与广告画面及其关联的深刻认识与理解。     

课改理念下初中物理评价的研究

要实现新课程标准改革的目标和九年义务教育物理教学新大纲所规定的物理课程的目的,课堂教学是主阵地。只有每个学生都积极参与了每一节课的活动,上好了每一节课,课程改革和新大纲的大目标才能一步一个脚印地得到实现。     

论修辞在汉语广告中的运用

随着世界各国经济的发展,广告越来越受到人们的重视。广告语言具有形象生动、朗朗上口、给人以深刻印象的特点,而要达到这样的效果通常需要使用各种各样的修辞手法。本文以汉语广告为语料,分析了修辞在广告中的运用。     

论审美情感与广告创作

审美情感对于广告创作具有特珠价值，它是沟通广告与消费者的一个重要桥梁和纽带。审美情感对于广告创作之作用体现在三个方面：一是满足受众的情感需求，激发消费动机；二是营造优美意境，引发受众的审美愉悦；三是沟通物性与人性，变商业化为人情化。广告所传递的审美情感主要表现在人性、人文关怀、暧昧的怀旧情结、亲情爱情友情、恋家思乡情怀等方面。     

考虑广告和产品结构的供应商管理库存系统的Nash博弈

假设文献[1]中的各个企业之间除了在库存管理方面进行合作外,还没有意识到在市场广告和供应链生产方面的合作,企业处于分别决策状态,每一个企业最大化其自身的利润。在给出考虑广告和产品结构的供应商管理库存系统的Nash非合作博弈模型,分析博弈结果和一些性质。最后给出一个算例说明本文的理论。     

First record of the genus Leptodactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in Cuba: Leptodactylus fragilis,a biological invasion?

The Neotropical genus Leptodactylus is currently represented by three species in the West Indies (Leptodactylus albilabris, Leptodactylus fallax and Leptodactylus validus). Based on morphological, acoustic and molecular evidence, we document the presence of a fourth species in the Caribbean region, Leptodactylus fragilis (Brocchi, 1877). The species was found at two localities in western Cuba, and molecular data suggest a northern South American origin, possibly Venezuela, for these populations. We discuss the potential invasive status of L. fragilis, based on its known distribution, relative abundance, behaviour and possible impacts on native species of Cuban amphibians.