Effects of a new cholecystokinin antagonist (GE 410) on the smooth muscle of the guinea pig ileum

Summary Suc-Tyr-(SE)-Met-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp--phenethylamide (GE 410) competitively antagonized the contractions of smooth muscle strips from guinea pig ileum (pA₂=7.6, n=0.95) induced by cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK8). GE 410 inhibited the electrically-induced cholinergically mediated contractile responses and the [³H]ACh release in the ileum, as well as the CCK-stimulated electrical contractile responses and the [³H]ACh release in the cholinergic nerve terminals. The results suggest the existence of CCK-receptors not only in the smooth muscles but also on the neurons.     

Effect of Calcium on Spontaneous Quantal Transmitter Secretion from ACh-Loaded Myocytes

Introduction Transmitter secretion requires specialized secretory or- ganelles, the synaptic vesicles, for the packaging, stor- age, and exocytotic release of the transmitters[1,2]. The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is released at the neuromuscular…     

Involvement of Ca<Superscript>2+</Superscript>/CaM in the signal transduction of acetylcholine regulating stomatal movement

It has been known that the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) also exists in plants and is able to regulate the movement of stomata.In another aspect,Ca^2 /CaM as the second messengers have a critical role of signal transduction in stomatal guard-cell,Here we showed that Ca^2 /CaM were also involved in the ACh regulated stomatal movement,In the medium containing Ca^2 ,the Ca^2 channel blockers (NIF and Ver)and CaM inhibitors (TFP and W7 ) could neutralize the ACh induced stomatal opening,however,they are ineffective in the medium containing K^ ,Those results indicated that Ca^2 /CaM were involved in the signal transduction pathway of ACh regulating stomatal movement.     

淫羊藿总黄酮增强双侧卵巢摘除模型小鼠学习记忆功能的作用

研究淫羊藿总黄酮(TFE)对双侧卵巢摘除模型小鼠学习记忆功能的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机制.将50只昆明种雌性小鼠随机分为模型对照组,雌激素对照组(0.3 mg·kg-1),淫羊藿总黄酮(40、80、160mg·kg-1)3个剂量组,采用背部切除双侧卵巢,另取10只小鼠作为假手术对照组,建立卵巢功能减退小鼠模型,术后各治疗组进行灌胃给药治疗3个月,假手术组和模型对照组均给予0.9%NaCl.给药结束后采用Morris水迷宫观察小鼠行为学变化;生化法和放射免疫法分别测定脑组织中AChE活性和ChAT活性;放射免疫法检测小鼠血液中雌激素的水平;HE染色光镜观察海马神经元病理形态.实验结果显示:与假手术组相比,模型对照组小鼠学习记忆能力、ChAT活性、血清雌激素水平和皮层及海马区神经细胞数量均显著下降,而脑组织中AChE活性明显升高;与模型对照组相比,TFE 40、80、160mg·kg-1剂量组各组小鼠学习记忆能力均显著增强;小鼠脑组织AChE活性下降明显,而ChAT活性却显著增加,血液中雌激素水平上升显著.TFE可能是通过升高血中雌激素水平,增强乙酰胆碱(ACh)合成酶ChAT的活性,抑制ACh水解酶AChE活性,提高大脑中神经递质乙酰胆碱的含量,延缓和改善内分泌系统和大脑胆碱能系统功能,从而促进卵巢去势小鼠学习记忆能力的提高.     

北京鸭胆囊上皮细胞结构功能研究

从北京鸭分离胆囊上皮细胞,用MitoTracker Red定位上皮细胞胞浆的线粒体分布.发现在保留极性和失去极性的上皮细胞中,线粒体在胞浆中均匀分布.用乙酰胆碱(ACh)刺激分离得到的单个胆囊上皮细胞,以Fura-2-AM显微荧光测定胞浆中钙离子浓度的变化,发现ACh(10～20 μmol·L-1)可引起胞浆钙离子浓度的明显变化.     

Organization of the multifunctional neural network regulating visceral organs inHelix pomatia L (Mollusca,Gastropoda)

Summary InHelix pomatia L. the overlapping neuronal network was found to regulate the visceral functions (e.g. cardiorenal, respiratory and genital functions). The neural network is organized around the multifunctional interneurons, which take part in forming both afferent and efferent pathways. The interneurons are sensitive to a wide range of neurotransmitters or transmitter candidates including low molecular weight substances (ACh, 5HT, DA, octopamine, glutamate) and several oligopeptides. In this system both selection of information and modification of membrane properties (for example habituation) are carried out by a combination of simultaneously liberated active agents.